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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enrichment
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Adding nutrients back that were lost during refinement
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Fortification
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Adding additional nutrients into refined grains
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Simple carbohydrates
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Sugars, monosaccharides
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Complex carbohydrates
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Starches, disaccharides, olgiosaccharides
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3 most common monosaccharides:
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1. glucose
2. galactose 3. fructose |
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_____ one of the two sugars in every disaccharide
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glucose
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glucose shape
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hexose
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galactose
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not found in nature, in MILK
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galactose shape
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hexose
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Fructose
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AKA: levulose
naturally in fruit and honey |
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fructose shape
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pentose
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Sucrose
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Table sugar
glucose and fructose |
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hydrolysis reaction
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reaction that breaks sugar molecules apart
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condensation reaction
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reaction that binds two sugar molecules together
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Lactose intolerance
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lactose not digested in small intestine
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olgiosaccharides _____ monosaccharides long
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3-10
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polysaccharides _____ monosaccharides long
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over 10
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Olgiosaccharides are not _____ but are...
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digested; metabolized by bacteria in large intestine
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starch
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absorption of fructose
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facilitated diffusion
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absorption of glucose/galactose
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facilitated diffusion
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Cellular respiration formula
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C6H12O6 + 6O2-->6CO2 + 6H2O +38 ATP
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3 stages of cellular respiration
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1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain |
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Glycolysis
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breaks down glucose into pyruvate, no oxygen required
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Ketone
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alternative energy source if no carbohydrates available
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Insulin
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lowers blood sugar
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Glucagon
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raises blood glucose
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Glycemic index
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quantify how quickly blood sugar rises
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