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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Convenience Sampling
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A non-probability method of selecting sample that includes subjects who are available conveniently to the researcher
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Ecological Validity
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A type of external validity where the findings can be generalized and applied to other settings
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Effect Size
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The measurement of the magnitude of the impact of an intervention
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Exclusion Criteria
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Characteristics that eliminate a potential subject from the study to avoid extraneous effects
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External Validity
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The ability to generalize the findings from a research study to other populations, places, and situations
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Inclusion Criteria
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Guidelines for choosing subjects with a set of characteristics that include major factors important to the research question
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Independence
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A condition that occurs when the selection of one subject has no influence on selection of other subjects; each member of the population has exactly the same chance of being in the sample
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Population
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The entire set of subjects that are of interest to the researcher
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Population Validity
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A type of external validity where the findings can be generalized and applied to other subjects
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Power
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An analysis that indicates how large a sample is needed to adequately detect a difference in the outcome variable
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Probability or random sampling
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A sampling process used in quantitative research in which every member of the available population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample
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Purposeful Selection
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A technique used in qualitative research in which the subjects are selected because they possess certain characteristics that enhance the credibility of the study
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Random Selection
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A method of choosing a random sample using mathematical probability to ensure the selection of subjects is completely objective
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Sample
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A carefully selected subset of the population that reflects the composition of that population
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Sampling Error
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A number that indicates differences in results found in the sample when compared to the population from which the sample was drawn
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Sampling Frame
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The potential participants who meet the definition of the population and are accessible to the researcher
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Selection Bias
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Selecting subjects or assigning them to groups in a way that is not impartial. This type of bias may pose a threat to the validity of the study.
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Snowball or referral sampling
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A non-probability sampling method that relies on referrals from initial subjects to recruit additional subjects
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Unit of analysis
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The definition of the major entity that will be considered a "subject" for analysis
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Examples of Selection bias situations
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The accessible sample is not an accurate representation of the population
The researcher is able to influence selection or assignment of subjects Inclusion or exclusion criteria systematically leave out a key group Ease of recruitment skews subject characteristics The subjects elect not to participate or drop out of the study |
