Nursing Research Chapter 1

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Evidence Based Practice

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a clinical problem-solving strategy that emphasizes the integration of best availble evidence from disciplined research with clinical expertise and patient preferences.

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Research

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systemic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions or solve problems

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Nursing Research

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systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy evidence about issues of importance to the nursing profession, including nursing practice, education, administration, and informatics

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Clinical nursing research

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research designed to guide nursing practice and to improve the health and quality of life of nurses' clients

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Consumers of nursing Research

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consumers who read research reports or research summaries for relevant findings that might affect their practice. EBP depends on this.

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Producers of nursing research

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nurses who actively participate in generating evidence by doing research

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Journal Club

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A group that meets in clinical settings to discuss and critique research reports appearing in journals.

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National Institute of Nursing Research

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established at the US National Institue of Health in 1993, affirms the stature of nursing research in the Unites States

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Translation research

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research on how findings from studies can best be translated into nursing practice

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Replication

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Contemporary emphases in nursing research include EPB projects, replication, research integration through systematic reviews, multisite and interdiscplinary studies, expanded dissemination efforts and increased focus on health disparities

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Systematic Reviews

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A rigorous synthesis of research findings on a particular research question, using systematic sampling and data collection procedures and a formal protocol.

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Ecological Validity

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extent to which study designs and findings have relevance in a variety of real-world contexts.

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Inductive Reasoning

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the process of developing specific predictions from general principles

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Paradigm

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A world view, a general perspective on the complexities of the world. Paradigms for human inquiry are characterized by how they respond to basic philosophy questions

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Deductive Reasoning

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The process of developing specific predictions from general principles.

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positivism

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Rooted in the 19th century thought, reflects a broader cultural phenomenon that in the humanities is known as modernism

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modernism

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Emphasizes the rationale and the scientific.

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determinism

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refers to the positivists belief that phenomena are not haphazard, but rather have antecedent causes.

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positivist paradigm

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The paradigm underlying the traditional scientific approach, which assumes that there is an orderly reality that can be objectively studied; often associated with quantitative research

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postpositivist paradigm

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belief in reality and the desire to understand it but also the realization of the impossibility of total objectivity.

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Constructive (naturalistic paradigm)

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assumed that reality is not fixed, but is rather a sonstruction of human minds; thus, "truth" is a composite of multiple construction of reality.

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Postmodernism

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naturalism, cultural transformation; emphasizes the value of deconstruction

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Deconstruction

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taking part old ideas and structures

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reconstruction

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putting ideas and structures together in new ways

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Research Methods

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The techniques researchers use to structure a study and to gather and analyze information relevant to the research question.

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Quantitative Research

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(associated with positivist paradigm) The collection and analysis of numeric information. Typically done with scientific method.

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Qualitative Research

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The investigation of phenomena, typcally in an in-depth and holistic fashion, through the collection of rich narrative materials using a flexible research design

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Quantitative Research (gloss)

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The investigation of phenomena that lend themselves to precise measurement and quantification, often involving a rigorous and controlled design.

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Scientific Method

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A set of orderly, ststematic, controlled procedures of acquiring dependable, empirical--and typically quantitative- information; the methodologic approach associated with the positivist paradigm.

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Control

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The process of holding constant extraneous influences on the dependent variable under study.

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Systematic

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Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical

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Empirical Evidence

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Evidence rooted in objective reality and gathered using one's senses as the basis for generating knowledge.

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Generalizability

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The degree to which the research methods justify the inference that the findings are true for a broader group than the findings can be generalized from the sample to the population

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qualitative

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Materials that are narrative and subjective

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Field

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Naturalistic setting

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Basic Research

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Research disigned to extend the base of knowledge in a discipline for the sake of knowledge production or theory construction, rather than for solving an immediate problem

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Bench Research

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any research done in a controlled laboratory setting using nonhuman subjects. understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie a disease or disease process.

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Applied Research

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Research designed to find a solution to an immediate practical problem

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Cause-probing

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Research designed to illuminate the underlying causes of phenomena