Nursing Research Ch1-6

Front 1

Anonymity

Back 1

Conditions in which the Ss identity cannot be linked, even by the researcher, with his/her individual response

Front 2

Authority

Back 2

Person with expertise and power who is able to influence the options and behavior of others

Front 3

Autonomous agents

Back 3

Prospective Ss who are informed about a proposed study and who can voluntarily choose whether to participate

Front 4

Benchmarking

Back 4

Process of measuring outcomes from a healthcare agency for comparison with identified national standards

Front 5

Research Objective

Back 5

clear, concise, declarative statement expressed to direct a study; focuses on identifying and describing variables and relationships among variables

Front 6

Research Outcomes

Back 6

conclusions of findings, generalizations of findings, implications of findings for nursing, and suggestion for further study presented in the discussion section of the research report

Front 7

Research Process

Back 7

process that requires an understanding of a unique language and involves rigorous application of a variety of research methods

Front 8

Research Proposal

Back 8

written plan that identifies the major elements of a study, such as the problem, purpose, and framework, and outlines the methods that will be used to conduct the study

Front 9

Research Questions

Back 9

concise interrogative statement developed to direct a study; focuses on describing variables, examining relationships among variables, and determining the differences between two or more groups

Front 10

Research Report

Back 10

report summarizing the major elements of a study and identifying the contributions of that study to nursing knowledge

Front 11

Research Topic

Back 11

concept or broad problem area that provides the basis for generating numerous questions and research problems

Front 12

Case study

Back 12

In depth analysis and systematic description of on patient or a group of similar patients to promote understanding of nursing interventions

Front 13

Integrative review of literature

Back 13

Rigorous analysis and synthesis of results from independent and quantitative and qualitative studies and theoretical and methodological literature to determine the current knowledge (what is known and not known) for a particular concept, measurement methods, or a practice topic

Front 14

Research purpose

Back 14

Concise clear, statement of the specific goal or aim of the study. The purpose is generated from the problem

Front 15

Evidence-based practice

Back 15

The conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patients values and needs in the delivery of high-quality, cost-effective health care

Front 16

Limitations

Back 16

Theoretical and methodological restrictions in a study that may decrease the generalizability of the findings

Front 17

Research problem

Back 17

An area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice. Research is conducted to generated essential knowledge to address the practice concern, with the ultimate goal of providing evidence based practice

Front 18

Independent (treatment or experimental) variable

Back 18

Treatment or experimental activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to cause an effect on the dependent variable

Front 19

Dependent (response or outcome) variable

Back 19

The response, behavior, or outcome that is predicted or explained in research; changes in the dependent variable are presumed to be caused by the independent variable

Front 20

Applied (practical) research

Back 20

Scientific investigations conducted to generated knowledge that will directly influence clinical practice

Front 21

Basic (pure) research

Back 21

Scientific investigations for the pursuit of knowledge for knowledge’s sake or for the pleasure of learning and finding truth

Front 22

Operational definition

Back 22

Description of how variables or concepts will be measured or manipulated in a study

Front 23

Research design

Back 23

Blueprint for conducting a study; maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the validity of the findings; guides the planning and implementation of a study in a way that is most likely to achieve the intended goal

Front 24

Assumptions

Back 24

Statements taken for granted or considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested

Front 25

Rigor

Back 25

Excellence in research; attained thru the use of discipline, scrupulous adherence to detail, and strict accuracy

Front 26

Descriptive research

Back 26

Provides an accurate portrayal or account of characteristics of a particular person, event, or group in real-life situations; research that is conducted to discover new meaning, describe what exists, determine the frequency with which something occurs, and categorize information

Front 27

Correlational research

Back 27

Systematic investigation of relationships between two or more variables to explain the nature of relationships in the world; does not examine cause and effect

Front 28

Quasi-experimental research

Back 28

Type of quantitative research to conducted to explain relationships, clarify whey certain events happen and examine causality between selected independent and dependent variables

Front 29

Experimental research

Back 29

Objective, systematic, controlled investigation to examine probability and causality among selected variables for the purposed of predicting and controlling phenomena

Front 30

Grounded theory

Back 30

Inductive research technique based on symbolic interaction theory; conducted to discover the problems that exist in a social scene and the process that persons involved use to handle them; involved formulation, testing, and redevelopment of propositions until a theory is developed

Front 31

Phenomenology

Back 31

A philosophy that a group of research methods congruent with the philosophy

Front 32

Ethnography

Back 32

Qualitative research methodology for investigating cultures; the research involves collection, description, an analysis of data to develop a theory of cultural behavior.
Often employed for gathering empirical data on human societies and cultures; Data collection is often done through participant observation, interviews, questionnaires, etc. Ethnography aims to describe the nature of those who are studied (i.e. to describe a people, an ethnos) through writing. In the biological sciences, this type of study might be called a “field study” or a “case report,” both of which are used as common synonyms for “ethnography”

Front 33

Theory

Back 33

Integrated set of defined concepts, existence statements, and relational statements that present a view of a phenomenon and can be used to describe, explain, predict, and control that phenomenon

Front 34

Hypotheses

Back 34

Formal statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables in a specified population

Front 35

Confidentiality

Back 35

Management of private data in research in such a way that only the researcher know the Ss identities and can link them wit their responses

Front 36

Privacy

Back 36

Freedom to determine the time, extent, and general circumstances under which private information will be shared with or withheld from others

Front 37

Bracketing

Back 37

Qualitative research technique of suspending or setting aside what is known about an experience being studied

Front 38

Institutional review board

Back 38

A committee that reviews research to ensure that the investigator is conducting the research ethically

Front 39

Belmont Report

Back 39

1978

Commission developed ethical research guidelines and made recommendations to the US Dept of Health and Human Services (DHHS) in the Belmont report.
Ethical principles:
(1) Respect for persons – people should be treated as autonomous agents with the right to self-determination and the freedom to participate or not participate in research (those with diminished autonomy are entitled to additional protection)
(2) Beneficence – do good, but above all, do no harm
(3) Justice – all subjects should be treated fairly in terms of the benefits and the risks of research

Front 40

Informed consent

Back 40

Agreement by a prospective Ss to participate voluntarily in a study after he/she has assimilated essential information about the study

Front 41

Data saturation

Back 41

Phenomenon that occurs when additional sampling provides no new information or there is redundancy of previous collected data. Sample size in a qualitative study is determined when saturation of data occurs.

Front 42

Self-determination

Back 42

Free choice of one's own acts without external compulsion