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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is pain a subjective or objective experience?
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Pain is a subjective experience.
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Injury to the tissues produces __________ pain.
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Nociceptor.
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Injury to the neveres produces ___________ pain.
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Neuropathic.
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_____ pain is an intense pain occurring over a defined time, usually from injury to recovery.
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Acute.
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_______ pain persists longer than 6 months, can interfere with daily activites, and is associated with feelings of helplessness or hopelessness.
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Chronic.
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Name 7 nonpharmacological ways of pain management.
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Acupuncture, Heat/cold packs, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), Chiropractic manipulation, Massage, Relaxation therapy, Biofeedback therapy.
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Free nerve endings strategically located throughout the body. These begin the pain transmission process.
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Nociceptors.
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What kind of pain do Ao fibers signal?
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Sharp, well-defined pain.
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What kind of pain do C fibers signal?
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Dull, poorly localized pain.
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What is subtance P responsible for?
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It continues the pain message.
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What do endogenous opioids include?
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Endorphins, dynorphins, and enkephalins.
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Medications used to relieve pain.
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Analgesics.
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Narcotic substances
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Opioids that produce numbness or stuporlike symptoms.
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Opiates.
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Morphine and codeine. They are natural substances.
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Opioid.
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General term for any drug that produces the effects of opiates.
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Mu and kappa receptors.
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For pain management, the most important receptors.
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Prototype drug for severe pain.
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Morphine.
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Five common combination analgesics.
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Vicodin, Percocet, Percodan, Darvocet-N 50, Empirin with Codeine No. 2.
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Most commonly used opioid antagonist.
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Naloxone (Narcan).
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Treatment for opioid dependence.
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Methadone maintenance. It may continue for many months and years, until the client decides to go through total withdrawl.
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What type of drug is used for mild to moderate pain?
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NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).
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Prototype NSAID.
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Aspirin.
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When the muscles of the head and neck become very tight because of stress, causing a steady lingering pain.
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Tension headache.
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The most painful headache, characterized by throbbing or pulsating pain, sometimes preceeded by an aura.
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Migraine.
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Auras.
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Sensory cues that let the client know that a migraine attack is coming soon.
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This occurs in response to many different stimuli, including physical injury, exposure to toxic chemicals, extreme heat, invading microorganisms, or death of cells.
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Inflammation.
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Name four diseases that would benefit from anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy.
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Anaphylaxis, Peptic ulcers, Rheumatoid arthritis, Contact dermatitis.
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The key chemical mediator of inflammation.
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Histamine.
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Life threatening allergic response that may result in shock and death.
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Anaphylaxis.
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H1 receptors.
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Present in the vascular system, bronchial tree, and the digestive tract. Stimulation results in itching, pain, edema, vasodilation, bronchoconstrictions, and the characteristic symptoms of inflammation and allergy.
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H2 receptors.
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Present primarily in the stomach. Stimulation resuls in secretions of large amounts of hydrochloric acid.
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Lipids found in all tissues that have potent physiological effects, in addition to promoting inflammation.
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Prostaglandins.
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NSAIDs block inflammation by inhibiting this.
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Cyclooxygenase (COX).
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A syndrome that includes symptoms such tinnitus, dizziness, headache, and excessive sweating.
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Salicylism.
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Rare, though serious disorder characterized by an acute increase in intracranial pressure and massive accumulations of lipids in the liver.
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Reye's syndrome.
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Syndrome characterized by excessive glucocorticoids.
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Cushing's syndrome.
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Name the types of drugs that cause a drug-induced fever.
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Anti-infectives, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Conventional antipsychotic drugs, Volatile anesthetics and depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, Immunomoldulators, Cytotoxic drugs, Neutropenic agents.
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