Nursing Fundamentals-Key Terms-Final Review

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Antiseptic

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Agent that stops or slows the growth of microorganisms on living tissue, commonly used for hand washing, skin preparation, and wound packing or irrigation.

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Asepsis

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Absence of disease-producing microorganisms.

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Bactericidal

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Able to kill bacteria.

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Bacteriostatic

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Able to inhibit the growth of bacteria.

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Carriers

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Person from whom a microorganisms can be cultured, but who shows no sign of a disease.

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Disinfectant

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Chemical used to kill microorganisms on lifeless objects.

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Hand Hygiene

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Hand washing with soap and water or cleansing the hands with a water-less alcohol-based cleanser to prevent the spread of infection.

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HAI

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Healthcare related infection.

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Infectious disease

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Process resulting from infection that produces manifestations such as fever, leukocytosis, inflammation, or tissue damage.

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Isolation

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Techniques to prevent or limit the spread of infection.

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Medical Asepsis

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Measures taken to control and to reduce the number of pathogens present; also known as "clean technique"; measures include hand washing, gloving, gowning, and disinfecting to help contain microbial growth.

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Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs)

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Microorganisms, predominantly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents.

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Nonsocomial Infection

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Infection acquired during receipt of healthcare.

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Opportunistic infection

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An infection caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan pathogens that take advantage of a host with a weakened immune system or an altered microbiota (such as a disrupted gut flora).

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Pathogenicity

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The disease-producing possibility of an organism.

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Pathogens

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Microorganisms that can harm humans.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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Specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees for protection against health and safety hazards. (I.e. Gown, gloves, mask, goggles, etc)

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Prion

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A small proteinaceous infectious disease-causing agent that is believed to be the smallest infectious particle, is neither bacterial nor fungal nor viral and contains no genetic material.

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Sepsis

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Poisoning of body tissues; usually refers to blood-borne organisms or their toxic products.

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Specificity

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Organism's attraction to a specific host, which may include humans.

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Standard Precautions

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The latest CDC isolation system that combines the major features of universal precautions(blood-borne transmissions) and body substance isolation(moist body substances transmission), thus protecting against blood and body-fluid transmission of potentially infective agents.

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Sterilization

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Destruction of all bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses on an item. Accomplished by heat, chemicals, or gas.

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Surgical Asepsis

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Refers to "sterile technique" in which an object is free of all microorganisms to prevent the introduction or spread of pathogens from the environment into the client; employed when a body cavity is entered with an object that may damage the mucous membranes, when surgical procedures are performed, and when the clients immune system is already compromised.

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Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)

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A severe systemic response to a condition (as trauma, an infection, or a burn) that provokes an acute inflammatory reaction.

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Virulence

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Vigor with which an organism can grow and multiply.

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CDC

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Asphyxiation

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Lack of oxygen, leading to cell death.

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Burns

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Injury caused by exposure to thermal, chemical, electrical, or radioactive energy.

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Electrical shock

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Interruption of body functions due to electrical current.

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Falls

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Collapse, dropping down, or toppling over.

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Griund

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To connect electricity between an electrical conductor and the ground or earth.

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Incident Report

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Unusual happening to a client or visitor at a healthcare facility.

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Incident Report

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Unusual happening to a client or visitor at a healthcare facility.

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Poisoning

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Ingesting, inhaling, or absorbing potentially hazardous substances.

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Pollution

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Substances in air, water, or land that are potentially hazardous substances.

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Restraint

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Device that prevents a client from moving or gaining normal access to a body part.

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Sentinel Event

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Safety error in which hospitals are required to report serious safety events to regulatory agencies and state health agencies.

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Sentinel Event

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Safety error in which hospitals are required to report serious safety events to regulatory agencies and state health agencies.

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Suffocation

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Oxygen deprivation.

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Bioterroism

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Terrorism involving the release of toxic biological agents

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RACE

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Acronym used for fire safety.

1st: Rescue(anyone in immediate danger)

2nd: Alarm(any fire alarms near by)

3rd: Contain(all doors and windows near by)

4th: Extinguish(if it is safe)