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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Halothane (Flouthane)- MAC & BGC
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0.75%
2.4 |
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Nitrous Oxide - MAC & BGC
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104%
0.47 |
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Desflurane (Suprane) - MAC & BGC
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6%
0.42 |
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Isoflurane (Forane)- MAC & BGC
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1.2%
1.4 |
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Enflurane - MAC & BGC
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1.63%
1.91 |
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Sevoflurane (Ultane)
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2%
o.65 |
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Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration(Fi) of VA
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FGF (flow rate) (increase FGF --> increase Fi);
Breathing system volume; Machine “absorption” of agent. |
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The three factors that determine the transfer of anesthetics from blood to tissue
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Tissue solubility;
Tissue blood flow; The difference between partial pressure arterial blood and tissue. |
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Factors which influence the rate of uptake
Inspired concentration |
Minute ventilation
Cardiac output Alveolar-venous concentration difference; Solubility. |
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These factors speed induction & elimination:
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Increased FGF
Increased ventilation High CBF (cerebral blood flow) Elimination of agent is from the: VR > M > F > VP |
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Anesthesia depth can be assessed by:
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Lack of movement in non-paralyzed state
Respiration rate and pattern Respiratory depression (ET CO2 and VE ) Eye signs BP and P less valuable BIS and Entropy analysis |
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Inhalation agents -
Degree of Biotransformation: |
Halothane > sevoflurane > isoflurane > desflurane
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Respiratory Effects of VA
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Abolish the hypoxic response at less than half MAC concentrations;
Bronchodilators by direct action on smooth muscle. |
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CV effects of VA
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Isoflurane and desflurane cause inc HR which may mask depression;
Isoflurane and desflurane decrease SVR while Halothane and NO do not change it. |
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Systemic effects of NO
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CV: Sympathomimetic. May decrease myocardial contractility BUT increases overall CV function. Induced catecholamines and may cause arrhythmias.
Respiratory: Tachypnea/dec TV but no change in MV and PaCO2. Inhibited hypoxic drive (periph chemo receptors to low PaO2). Increases PVR. Cerebral: Increases CBF/CBV, mild inc in ICP. Neurmuscular: No effect, but augments MR Renal: Dec BF & Dec GFR. Hepatic: Mild dec BF. GI: Increases N/V (?) due to solubility Metabolism: Exhaled. May inhibit Vit B12 (important with pregnant woman b/c in 1st trimester is when the neuro tube is developing, it may alter this) |
