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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bronchodilators
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B2 Agonist
Anticholinergics Methylxanthines |
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B2 Agonist (Effect, General Info)
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Many end in -ol.
Stimulate beta 2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle.Some also stimulate beta 1 receptors in heart and increase heart rate and force of contraction Spacer recommended if inhaler is used. |
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B2 Agonist (Adverse Effects)
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Adverse effects
Tachycardia, arrhythmias, restlessness, agitation, insomnia |
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Short Acting B2 Agonists
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Albuterol, Bitolterol, Pirbuterol
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Long Acting B2 Agonist & Use
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Salmeterol. For prevention only.
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B2 Agonists (Not Short or Long Acting)
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Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, Metaproterenol, Terbutaline, Combivent
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Anticholinergic Bronchodilators
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Atropine, Ipratropium bromide, Spiriva
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Anticholinergic Bronchodilators (Action, Administration)
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Block the action of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle when given via inhalation
Will also decrease sputum production Given via inhalation, nasal spray |
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Anticholinergic Bronchodilators (Adverse Effects)
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Dry mouth blurred vision, HA, nervousness, nausea, increased IOP, urinary retention, constipation, increased HR
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Xanthines / Methylxanthines (Action, Use)
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Causes bronchodilation through several mechanisms
For prevention and treatment of bronchospasm of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema |
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Xanthines / Methylxanthines (Adverse Effects, Cautions)
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Tachycardia, arrhythmias, N/V, seizure, tremor, palpitations, restlessness, agitation, insomnia
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Xanthines / Methylxanthines (Cautions)
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Levels must stay no higher than 5-15 mg/ml
Don’t use with biaxin (macrolide), fluorquinolones, or tagamet (H2 receptor antagonist): can have theophylline toxicity Rifampin and Phenobarbital also increases drug effects |
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Xanthines / Methylxanthines (Name & Route)
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Theophylline (Oral)
Aminophyilline (IV) |
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Corticosteroids (Action)
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Reduce inflammation and mucous secretion
Increase number and sensitivity of beta receptors |
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Corticsteroids (Tapering)
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If taken for <10 days at low doses no tapering.
If taken at larger doses or for longer periods of time must be tapered off to prevent adrenal insufficiency (cardiovascular collapse/death) |
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Corticosteroids (PO)
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Methylprednisolone, prednisoline, prednisone
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Corticosteroids (Inhaled)
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Beclomethasone, fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, triamcinolone.
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Corticsteroids (IV, IM)
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Hydrocortisone, Methylprednisolone, Bethamethasone, Prednisoline
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Intranasal Steroids (Use, Side Effects)
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For allergic rhinitis treatment. Very little systemic absorption, not useful PRN and takes 1 week to notice effect.
Nasal stinging, burning, dryness and irritation, and bad taste in mouth. |
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Intranasal Steroids
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Flunisolide, Traimcinoline, Fluticasone, Beclomethasone, Rhinocort
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Mast Cell Stabilizers (Effect, Use)
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Prevents mast cell breakdown and subsequent release of histamine.
For treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Not as effective in adults. |
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Mast Cell Stabilizers (Cautions, Adverse Effects)
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Stabilizer recommended.
Cough, bronchospasm, arrhythmias, hypertension, chest pain, restlessness, dizziness, seizure, CNS depression, anorexia, N/V, sedation, coma All s/e rare. |
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Mast Cell Stabilizers
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Cromolyn, Nedocromil, Nasalcrom
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Leukotrine Modifiers (Effect, Use, Adverse Effects)
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Modifies leukotrine response.
Often used in children. Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, HA, cough, flu-like symptoms, angioedema, INCREASES EFFECT OF COUMADIN |
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Leukotrine Modifiers
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Zileuton, Singulair, Zarfirlukast
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Antihistamines (Use, Effect)
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Used to treat allergic rhinitis and prevent hypersensitivity.
Antihistamines prevents histamine from acting on target tissue and thus inhibits vascular permeability, edema formation, bronchoconstriction and pruritis. |
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Effects of Histamine Release
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Bronchospasm, Hypotension, Local edema, nasal congestion, Headache, Pain and itching.
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Antihistamines (Adverse Effects)
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CNS depression, sedation/drowsiness
Paradoxical restlessness and hyperactivity Seizure Anticholinergic effects |
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Antihistamines
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Diphenhydramine HCl
Chlorpheniramine maleate |
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Non-Sedating Antihistamines
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Citirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratadine
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