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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chain of Infection
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1. Etiologic agent (infectious agent)
2. Reservoir (Host) aka. source 3. Portal of exit from reservoir (any body fluid can be a portal of exit) 4. Method of transmission (how it gets to the host) 5. Portal or entry to susceptible host (lungs, mucous membranes, impaired/broken skin, urethra) 6. Susceptible host (an individual who has an impaired immune response and is at risk for developing an infection) |
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3 Methods of transmission
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1. Direct contact (ex. blood to blood)
2. indirect contact (ex. west nile) 3. droplet (ex. flu) or airborne (ex. TB) transmission |
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4 types of Isolation
(Tier 2 precautions) |
Airborne Isolation
Droplet Isolation Contact Isolation Reverse (Protective) Isolation |
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Airborne Isolation
(definition, examples, precautions) |
protects against droplet infections smaller than 3 (5?) microns.
ex. measles, varicella, TB precautions: Private room, caregivers/visitors wear masks (respirator for TB), room needs to have neg. pressure |
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Droplet Isolation
(definition, examples, precautions) |
protects against infectious organisms larger than 3 (5?) microns.
ex. diptheria, strep pharyngitis, mumps, pneumonia, influenza precautions: private room, mask if w/in 3 ft of patient |
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Contact Isolation
(definition, examples, precautions) |
protects against infectious organisms spread by direct contact.
ex. herpes simplex, scabies, varicella zaster, wound infections precautions: private room or cohort, gloves and gown, disposal of infectious material in non porous bag. |
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Reverse (protective) Isolation
(definition, examples, precautions) |
protects immunocompromised patients
precautions: masks, gloves, gown when in contact with patient. stethoscope, thermometer, BP cuff etc. in room for use on patient only. positive pressure room. |
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Standard Precautions
(Tier 1 precautions) |
Used in the care of all clients and are applied to all body fluids, blood, secretions, excretions (excluding sweat), mucous membranes, and non-intact skin.
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Active Immunity
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antibodies produced in response to natural antigens (ex. infection) or artificial antigens (ex. vaccine).
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Passive immunity
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Antibodies were produced by another source animal or human and transferred (ex. from a nursing mother).
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Legal Guidelines for Charting
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1. Record facts legibly in ink.
2. never erase, scratch out, or apply correction fluid. Cross through an error once, date and initial the change. 3. Don't leave blank spaces in notes. 4. NEVER chart for another person 5. Avoid interpreting patient statements, record exactly what was said in quotation marks. 6. correct all errors in a timely manner. |
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Medical term for head lice
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pediculis capitus
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systemic infection
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microorganisms spread to other parts of the body
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subclinical infection
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no symptoms
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local infection
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Infection only in a specific part of the body
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Electrical Appliance Safety
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-Must be properly grounded
-use machines in good repair -wear shoes with rubber soles -stand on non-conductive flooring -wear non-conductive gloves REMOVE FAULTY EQUIPMENT |
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Factors that reduce host resistance (8)
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Age, heredity, stressors in life, smoking, nutrition, medical therapies, medications, chronic diseases.
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Fire Safety
(RACE, PASS, extinguishers) |
Rescue
Alarm Contain fire Exitinguish or Exit Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep extinguishers: class A: paper, wood, rags, ordinary rubbish class B: Flammable liquids & gasses class C: Electrical |
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Restraints
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1. know policies
2. used when necessary not for convenience. 3. Avoid being influenced by family members (nurses can't delegate responsibility to a family member) 4. recognize competent adults have a right to make decisions; obtain appropriate consent. 5. restrict movement as little as possible. 6. Document 7. periodically re-evaluate need for restraint. |
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Restraint Documentation
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Document:
1. behavior that made it necessary 2. type of restraint used 3. explanations given to client and support persons 4. clients consent 5. exact time applied and removed 6. clients behavior while restraint was applied 7. frequency of care given while restraint was applied and removed (ex. assessment of circulation, ROM) 8. Notification of physician |
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4 colors of Triage Tags and what they mean
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Red: most severely injured
Yellow: significant injuries Green: "walking wounded" non life threatening injuries. Black: Deceased; DOA |
