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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Upper airway ends at? |
Vocal cords |
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What is the carina? |
split in the bronchus |
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What is diffusion? |
area of greater to an area of lesser |
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How does the brain stem work? |
receptors sense increase in CO2 and ph in the blood and CSF.... then they signal breathing |
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What keeps alveoli open? |
surfactant |
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Pulmonary ventilation removes what? |
CO2 |
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What is oxygen transported on? |
iron containing compound of hemoglobin molecule |
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Tidal volume is? amount of ml's? |
amount of air in one breath, 500 - 600 ml |
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Hypercarbia? |
increased carbon dioxide in the blood |
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Must verify ET tube placement with? |
multiple methods |
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Severe ICP may have to hyperventilate at ? |
20/ times per minute |
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decreased lung sounds with ET check? |
tube placement first |
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Et tubes are measured by? |
Internal diameter |
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what increases during ET attempts? |
ICP |
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anatomy when performing a crich? Thyroid cartilage to the CTM then underneath is the? |
cricoid cartilage |
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Max time frame for suctioning? |
10 - 15 seconds |
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Only oxygenate stroke or cardiac patients who require 02... meaning? |
Sat less than 94 dyspnea rales/crackles |
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Cannula oxygen %? |
22-44 |
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Mask oxygen %? |
40-60 |
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NRB oxygen %? |
90 + % |
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BVM oxygen % ? |
90-100 |
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BVM issues are with? |
maintaining the seal |
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Air in the stomach during BVM causes what? |
vomit and compression of the diaphragm |
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Differentiate between Cpap, Bipap, Peep? |
C is pressure on exhalation B is pressure on inhalation P is constant on intubated patients |
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Metabolic acidosis cause and tx? |
cardiac or rep arrest, DKA, asa overdose, try to increase ventilation with oxygen, then B-carb, then treat underlying issues |
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Metabolic alkalosis? |
too much bicarb let it wear off, treat underlying cause |
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Respiratory acidosis? |
hypercarbia, resp distress with any cause, Increase ventilations with a BVM, treat underlying, intubate and keep checking tube |
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Respiratory alkalosis? |
Hyperventilation syndrome, some brain injuries, in response to DKA bagging too fast, slow down, treat underlying |
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Buffer system time frames: |
blood immediately , resp minutes, kidneys take several days |
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Normal ranger pulse ox? |
94-99 |
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Best way to detect C02? |
Capnography |
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Capnography measures what? |
perfusion at the lungs |
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Patients not breathing well will be acidotic, this Co2 will be? |
high |
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Patient hyperventilating will have what Co2? |
Low |
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AHA level for acceptable Co2 during arrest? |
10 |
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COPD relies on what drive? |
Hypoxic |
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Silent chest with asthma? |
late sign not good |
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Wheezing happens in what order with asthma? |
expiratory, then inspiratory, then silent |
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Pneumonia s/s? |
SOB not sudden with fever |
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Anaphylactic shock is due to ? |
regular allergic signs and symptoms and also 3rd space fluid loss, vasodilation, hypotension and tachycardia |
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Dilated eyes can also be from? |
cerebral hypoxia |
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Optical nerve for eyesight? |
II |
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Cranial nerve for pupil size? |
III |
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JVD best seen at what angle? |
45 |
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some causes of JVD? |
tension pneumo, right sided heart failure, cardiac tamponade, traumatic asphyxia |
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What causes flat neck veins? |
hemothorax, dehydrated |
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First line of defense against diseases? |
skin and mucus |
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trigeminal nerve or fifth cranial nerve is responsible for? |
chewing control |
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Crenation? |
shrinking of a cel due to osmosis |
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Nonmaleficence? |
do no harm |
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What monitors the regulation of breathing with carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the bloodstream? |
Central chemoreceptors |
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Increasing bicarbonate regeneration will help reverse? |
respiratory acidosis |
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The majority of carbon dioxide carried in the blood is in the form of ? |
bicarbonate |
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Using the #2 port on a combi tube means the tube is sitting in the ? |
trachea |
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The ventral resp group is responsible for ? |
stimulating the accessory muscle to help with inhalation and exhalation |
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combi tube is inflated to what? |
100 ml of air |
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Most common site for pneumonia? |
right middle posterior chest |
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Class IV Mallampati is visually? |
tongue and hard palate only |
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Most dangerous finding in respiratory distress? |
shallow breathing |
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Four main centers for resp control in the brain are? |
ventral, dorsal, pneumotaxic, and apneustic |
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J receptors in the lung senses what? |
an increase in pressure |
