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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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referred GI pain patterns: consipation esophagus liver diaphragm pericardium gb stomach pancreas small intestine colon appendix pelvic viscera |
constipation: ant hip, groin, thigh esophagus: midback, head/neck, chest pain liver: shoulder diaphragm: shoulder pericardium: shoulder gb: midback, scapular stomach: midback, R scapular/shoulder pancreas: midback, scapular small intestine: midback, scapular colon: pelvis, low back, sacrum appendix: pelvis, low back, sacrum pelvic viscera: pelvis, low back, sacrum, posterior thigh, froin |
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appendicitis |
immediate medical attention is required elevated WBC count (>20,000) indicates perforation |
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considerations for varicose veins |
elevate extremities avoid crossing legs use elastic support stockings |
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preeclampsia |
pregnancy induced, acute HTN after 24th seek of gestation
HTN, edema, weight gain, HA, visual disturbances, hyperreflexia
indicates prompt physician referral |
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functions of the kidney |
regulate pH regulate composition of body fluids controls mineral and water balance eliminates metabolic wastes and drugs regulates BP regulates calcium and phosphate levels production of RBCs (erythropoietin) |
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normal values for potassium normal values for sodium |
K = 3.5-5.5 Na = 135-146 |
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symptoms of hypokalemia symptoms of hyperkalemia |
hypo: POTASSIUM weakness/ fatigue aches/cramps hyporeflexia postural hypotension, dizziness arrhythmias (flat T wave, inc QT interval, dec ST seg) respiratory distress irritable, confusion GI disturbances abdominal distension N/V
hyper: often symptomless weakness arrhythmias |
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symptoms of hypernatremia symptoms of hyponatremia |
Low Sodium (Na) hyper: signs of circularotry congestion, pulm edema, HTN, tachycardia, restlessness, convulsions
hypo: confusion, dec alertness, convulsions, inc intracerebral pressure, poor motor coordination, sleepiness, anorexia |
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normal levels of calcium
symptoms of hypocalcemia symptoms of hypercalcemia |
normal: 8.4-10.4
hypo: cramps, tetany, spasms, paresthesias, anxiety, irritability, twitching convulsion, arrhythmias, hypotension
hyper: fatigue, depression, mental confusion, N/V, increased urination, arrhythmias |
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normal magnesium levels
symptoms of hypomagnesemia symptoms of hypermagnesemia |
1.8-2.4
hypo: hyperirritiability, confusion, leg and foot cramps
hyper: hyporeflexia, weakness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion, bradycardia, hypotension |
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exercise precautions with diabetes |
monitor glucose levels prior to and after exercise hypoglycemia <70 hyperglycemia - no exercise if >300 no exercise without eating at least 2 hrs prior ensure adequate hydration |
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BMI overweight, obese, morbid obesity |
overweight = 25-29.9 obese = >30 morbid obesity = >40 |
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exercise precautions with obesity |
normal for patients to experience SOB, high BP, angina, altered biomechanics, increased risk for: skin breakdown, heat intoleracnce/hyperthermia, orthopedic injurhy |
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ATNR: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
head is turned to one side --> IL UE and LE ext, CL UE and LE flexion
birth
6 mo |
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STNR: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
head flexion --> UE flex, LE ext head ext --> UE ext, LE flex
6 mo
8 mo |
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tonic labyrinthine Reflex: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
supine --> body and extremities are held in ext Prone --> body and extremities are held in flexion
birth
6 mo |
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Galant reflex: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
touching skin along spine --> IL SB
birth
2 mo |
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Palmar grasp reflex: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
touch palm --> finger flexion, grip
birth
4 months |
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Plantar grasp reflex: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
pressure on toes --> toe flexion
birth
9 mo |
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rooting reflex: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
touching cheek --> IL neck rotation, open mouth
birth
3 mo |
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moro reflex: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
sudden drop into extension --> arms abduct, fingers open
birth
5 mo |
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startle reflex: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
loud noise --> arms abduct, fingers closed, elbows remain flexed
birth
5 mo |
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positive support reflex: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
weight on balls of feet when upright --> leg stiffens and trunk extends
birth
2 months |
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stepping reflex: - description of reflex - Starts - integrates |
supported upright position, feet on firm surface --> reciprocoal flex/ext of legs
birth
2 mo |
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2-3 months: - gross motor skills - fine motor skills - primitive reflexes - integration of reflexes |
- gross motor skills: rolls prone to supine, legs kick in supine, full support to sit
- fine motor skills: visually follows 180 deg
- primitive reflexes: ATNR, TLR, Galant, palmar grasp, plantar grasp, rooting, moro, startle, positive support reflex, stepping reflex
- integration of reflexes: Galant, rooting, stepping reflex |
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4-5 months: - gross motor skills - fine motor skills - primitive reflexes - integration of reflexes |
- gross motor skills: feet to mouth, roll supine to SL, head control in supported sitting, sits alone briefly, bears weight in supported standing
- fine motor skills: grabs and releases toys
- primitive reflexes: ATNR, TLR, palmar grasp, plantar grasp, moro, startle
- integration of reflexes: palmar grasp, moro, startle reflex, |
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6-7 months: - gross motor skills - fine motor skills - primitive reflexes - integration of reflexes |
- gross motor skills: rolls supine to prone, prone on elbows, lifts head for pull to sit, sit without assist, crawl backwards
- fine motor skills: rakes to puck up small objects, transfer objects btwn hands
- primitive reflexes: ATNR, TLR, plantar grasp, STNR
- integration of reflexes: ATNR, TLR |
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8-9 months: - gross motor skills - fine motor skills - primitive reflexes - integration of reflexes |
- gross motor skills: quadruped, sit without hand support, stand at furniture, pulls to stand, crawls forward, curising
- fine motor skills: points and pokes with index, takes objects out of container
- primitive reflexes: STNR, Plantar grasp
- integration of reflexes: STNR, plantar grasp |
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10-11 months: - gross motor skills - fine motor skills - primitive reflexes - integration of reflexes |
- gross motor skills: stand without support, half kneel to stand, pick up objects from floor while standing, walks with hands held, bear walking
- fine motor skills: fine pincer grasp developed
- primitive reflexes: none
- integration of reflexes: none |
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12-15 months: - gross motor skills - fine motor skills - primitive reflexes - integration of reflexes |
- gross motor skills: walks, creeps upstairs
- fine motor skills: folds paper, strings beads, stacks 6 cubes, holds crayon with thumb and fingers
- primitive reflexes: none
- integration of reflexes: none |
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24 months: - gross motor skills - fine motor skills - primitive reflexes - integration of reflexes |
- gross motor skills: tricycle, tiptoes, runes, walks downstairs, catches large ball, hops
- fine motor skills: turn knob, opens/closes jar, buttons, puzzles
- primitive reflexes: none
- integration of reflexes: none |
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CP - spastic vs. athetoid |
spastic: motor cortex, UMN damage athetoid: basal ganglia lesion, cerebellum and cerebellar pathways involved |
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down syndrome |
trisomy 21 low tone, joint hypermobility |
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duchenne muscular dystrophy description, S/S, treatment |
progressive
cell membranes weaken, myofibrils are destroyed, mm contractility is lost, fat and connective tissue replace mm, death by cardioplum failure prior to 25 years
weakness, falling, toe walking, excess lordosis, pseudohypertrophy of mm groups
respiratory function, submax exercise, mobility skills, splints, orthotics, adaptive equipment |
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prader-willi syndrome |
partial deletion of chromosome 15
small hands, feet, sex organs, low tone, almond shaped eyes, obesity,, constant desire for food, coordination impairments and mental retardation |
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spina bifida types |
occulta (nonfusion of spinous processes), cystica (includes meningocele and myelomeningocele) |
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SMA |
progressive degeneration of anterior horn cell autosomal recessive mutation of chromosome 5
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Rancho levels of cognitive functioning |
1. no response 2. generalized response (inconsistent, nonpurposeful responses, nonspecific responses, often the same responses) 3. Localized response (specific, inconsistent responses) 4. Confused-agitated (nonpurposeful responses, incoherent and inappropriate verbalizations, confabulation) 5. confused-inappropriate (responds to simple commands, berbalization is inappropriate, confabulatory, memory impaired, inappropriate use of objects) 6. Confused appropriate (goal directed, simple directions, responses are incorrect but appropriate, past memory is better than recent memory) 7. automatic-appropriate (oriented, robot like, mon to no confusion, judgement impaired) 8. purposeful-appropriate (new learning, no supervision, decreased ability relative to premorbid abilities) |
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anterograde memory vs. retrograde amnesia |
anterograde: inability to create new memory
retrograde amnesia: inability to remember events prior to injury |
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GCS |
eye opening: 4. spontaneous 3. to speech 2. to pain 1. nil
verbal: 5. oriented 4. confused conversation 3. inappropriate words 2. incomprehensible sounds 1. nil
motor response: 6. obeys commands 5. localizes pain 4. withdraws 3. abnormal flexion 2. extensor response 1. nil |
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spinal nerves, anterior vs. posterior root |
ant root carries motor post root carries sensory info |
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neurologic level vs. motor level vs. sensory level for SCI |
neuro: lowest segment (most caudal) with intact strength and sensation. mm groups must receive fair grade (3/5)
motor level: most caudal level with strength of 3 or greater, superior segment is 5
sensory level: most caudal dermatome with normal score of 2/2 for pinprick and light touch
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ASIA impairment scale |
ASIA = American spinal injury association
A = complete (no sensation, no motor in S4-S5) B = Sensory incomplete (sensory preserved, motor not preserved below neurologic level) C = Motor incomplete (motor function preserved below neurologic level, >50% of muscles below have <3 grade) D = Motor incomplete (motor function preserved below neurologic level, >50% have grade of 3 or better) E = Normal |
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autonomic dysreflexia |
possible with lesions at or above T6
noxious stim below level of lesion sudden inc in BP HA blurred vision stuffy nose profuse sweating goose bumps below level of lesion flushing above level of injury
check catheter, lying down is contraindicated |
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proper change in position |
every 2 hrs, weight shift in sitting 15-20 mins |
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transfers high, mid, low tetra, para |
high (C1-C5): max A slide board mid (C6): min-mod slide board low (C7-C8): mod I slide board para: I with depression transfers |
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weight shifts high, mid, low tetra, para |
high (C1-C5): power recline/tilt mid (C6): min - ModI side or fwd lean low (C7-C8): ModI side or fwd lean or depression para: ModI for depression |
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wheelchair mobility high, mid, low tetra, para |
high (C1-C5): power chair mid (C6): power chair, max - ModI with manual chair low (C7-C8): power, max - modI with manual chair para: Min - modI with manual chair, potentially uses KAFOs |
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brocas vs. wereckes (other names |
brocas = expressive = nonfluent (intact comoprehension, impaire repetition/naming)
wernickes = receptive = fluent |
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what innervates the hams |
sciatic |
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what innervates the Dorsiflexors and anterior calf muscles |
deep fibular nerve |
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what innervates the anterior thigh muscles |
femoral nerve |
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what innervates the medial thigh muscles |
obturator nerve |
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what innervates the foot and toes flexors |
medial plantar nerve |
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what innervates the posterior calf and plantar flexors |
tibial nerve |
