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223 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sensitivity
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probability that the screening test will be positive in someone that has the disease (true positive)
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specificity
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probability that the screening test will be negative in someone who does not have the disease (true negative)
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how much pressure in compression garment is necessary to control lower extremity edema in ambulatory patients
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35 mm Hg (30-40)
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neurapraxia
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temporary failure of nerve conduction in the absence of structural nerve changes due to blunt injury, compression or ischemia
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fibrillations
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denervated muscle
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dowagers hump
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osteoporosis
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arterial line
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measure bp
obtain blood samples |
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chronic bronchitis, high-pitched sound
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wheezes
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rales = crackles
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adventitious breath sounds, fluid accumulation, or collapsed alveoli reopen during inspiration
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rhonchi
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low pitch, turbulence of air passing thru secretions
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iontophoresis for an ulcer to promote tissue healing, use ___
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zinc (+)
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iontophoresis, for calcific deposits
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acetate (-)
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iontophoresis, for muscle relaxant/vasodilator
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magnesium (+)
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iontophresis for pain/inflammation
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lidocaine (+)
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positive support reflex (peds)
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extension of LEs/trunk w/ weight bearing thru balls of feet, interfere w/ standing, PF contractures
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iontophoresis is __ current
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direct current
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lumbar traction, to stretch muscles/reduce spasm
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25% of body weight for 25 minutes
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L4
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patellar reflex (DTR)
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S2
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achilles reflex (DTR)
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methotrexate
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treat RA
nausea, GI distress, hemorrhage, cough, SOB, LE edema |
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athetosis is with cerebelum or basal ganglia?
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it is with basal ganglia
involuntary, slow, wormlike, rotation |
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you have dysmetria, nystagmus, dysdiadochokinesia, what is wrong?
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cerebellar degeneration
gaze-evoked nystagmus |
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incomplete injury, loss of pain perception, loss of proprioception, loss of two point discrimination and stereognosis
motor function is preserved |
posterior cord syndrome
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drop of greater than 20 mm Hg
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orthostatic hypotension
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ultrasound treatment time
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five minutes for an area that is 2x the size of transducer face
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prevent alveolar collapse/atelectasis
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incentive spirometer
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how to test abstract ability
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discuss how two objects are similar
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count to 25 by 3's
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test attention
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how to test constructional ability
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copy drawn figures of varying size and shape
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scotting rite brace
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legg calve perthes disease
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spina bifida
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use RGO
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GCS of 8 or less
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sever head injury
lowest score is 3 |
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GCS 9-12
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moderate head injury
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GCS 13-15
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mild head injury
15 is highest score |
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stick out tongue and check for lateral deviation
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test for hypoglossal nerve CN XII
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vision exam
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test optic nerve CN II
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shoulder shrug
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test accessory nerve CN XI
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CN 1
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olfactory
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crackles = rales
heard during both inspiration and expiration |
= impaired secretion clearance
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sensory alteration in lateral aspect of the leg and dorsum of foot
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superficial peroneal nerve
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sensory alteration to triangular area between the first and second toes
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deep peroneal nerve
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medial and lateral plantar nerves come from
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branches of the tibial nerve (which is from sciatic nerve)
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colles fracture
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distal end of radius
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Ramp
grade < ___% |
grade < 8.3%
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Ramp
at least ___ inch width must have handrails on both sides |
at least 36 inch width
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Ramp
___ inches of length for each inch of vertical rise |
12 inches of length for each inch of vertical rise
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Ramp
___ required for a rise of 6 inches or more or for a horizontal run of 72 inches or more |
handrails required for a rise of 6 inches or more or for a horizontal run of 72 inches or more
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doorway
minimum ___ inch width |
minimum 32 inch width
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doorway
maximum ___ inch depth |
maximum 24 inch depth
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threshold
less than ___ inch for sliding doors |
less than 3/4 inch for sliding doors
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threshold
less than ___ inch for all other doors (not sliding) |
less than 1/2 inch for all other doors (not sliding)
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carpet
requires ___ inch pile or less |
requires 1/2 inch pile or less
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hallway clearance
__ inch width |
36 inch width
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wheelchair turning radius (U-turn)
___ inch width ___ inch length |
60 inch width
78 inch length |
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forward reach in wheelchair
low reach __ inches high reach __ inches |
low reach 15 inches
high reach 48 inches |
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side reach in wheelchair
reach over obstruction to __ inches |
reach over obstruction to 24 inches
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bathroom sink
not less than ___ inch height |
not less than 29 inch height
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bathroom sink
not greater than ___ inches from floor to bottom of mirror or paper dispenser |
not greater than 40 inches from floor to bottom of mirror or paper dispenser
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bathroom sink
___ inch minimum depth under sink to back wall |
17 inch minimum depth under sink to back wall
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bathroom toilet
___ inches from floor to top of toilet |
17-19 inches from floor to top of toilet
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bathroom toilet
not less than __ inch grab bars |
not less than 36 inch grab bars
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bathroom toilet
grab bars ___ inch spacing between the grab bars and wall |
grab bars should be 1 1/4 - 1 1/2 inches in diameter
1.5 inch spacing between the grab bars and wall |
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bathroom toilet
grab bar placement ___ inches up from floor level |
grab bar placement 33-36 inches up from floor level
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hotel
approximately ___% total rooms must be accessible |
approximately 2% total rooms must be accessible
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parking space
__ inch width ___ inch length |
96 inch width
240 inch length |
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parking space
adjacent aisle must be __ inches by 240 inches |
adjacent aisle must be 60 inches by 240 inches
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parking space
approximately __% of the total spaces must be accessible |
approximately 2% of the total spaces must be accessible
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Dermatome
__ Clavicle |
C4 Clavicle
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Dermatome
__ Deltoid |
C5 Deltoid
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Dermatome
__ Radial Arm/ Forearm |
C6 Radial Arm/ Forearm
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Dermatome
__ Finger 2/3 & Back of Forearm |
C7 Finger 2/3 & Back of Forearm
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Dermatome
__ Ulnar Forearm |
C8 Ulnar Forearm
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Dermatome
__ Medial Arm |
T1 Medial Arm
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Dermatome
__ Lateral Upper Thigh |
L2 Lateral Upper Thigh
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Dermatome
__ Medial Upper Thigh |
L3 Medial Upper Thigh
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Dermatome
__ Medial Leg and Big Toe |
L4 Medial Leg and Big Toe
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Dermatome
__ Top of Foot and Lateral Toes |
L5 Top of Foot and Lateral Toes
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dermatome
__ Lateral Side of Foot |
S1 Lateral Side of Foot
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dermatome
__ Heel |
S2 Heel
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myotome
__ Upper Trap |
C4 Upper Trap
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myotome
__ Deltoid (Blocker) |
C5 Deltoid (Blocker)
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myotome
__ Bicep/Wrist Extension (Beggar) |
C6 Bicep/Wrist Extension (Beggar)
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myotome
__ Tricep/ Wrist Flexion (Kisser) |
C7 Tricep/ Wrist Flexion (Kisser)
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myotome
__ Ulnar Devation/ Thumb Extension (?) |
C8 Ulnar Devation/ Thumb Extension (?)
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myotome
__ Finger Abduction (Spock) |
T1 Finger Abduction (Spock)
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myotome
__ Hip Flexion |
L2 Hip Flexion
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myotome
__ Knee Extension |
L3 Knee Extension
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myotome
__ Dorsiflexion |
L4 Dorsiflexion
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myotome
__ Great Toe Extension |
L5 Great Toe Extension
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myotome
__ Eversion |
S1 Eversion
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myotome
__ Knee Flexion |
S2 Knee Flexion
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deep tendon reflexes
4+ Clonus, 3+ Hyper, 2+ Normal 1+ Hypo, 0 Absent C5 Bicep Tendon |
C5 Bicep Tendon
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deep tendon reflexes
4+ Clonus, 3+ Hyper, 2+ Normal 1+ Hypo, 0 Absent C6 Brachioradialis |
C6 Brachioradialis
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deep tendon reflexes
4+ Clonus, 3+ Hyper, 2+ Normal 1+ Hypo, 0 Absent C7 Triceps |
C7 Triceps
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deep tendon reflexes
4+ Clonus, 3+ Hyper, 2+ Normal 1+ Hypo, 0 Absent L4 Patellar Tendon |
L4 Patellar Tendon
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deep tendon reflexes
4+ Clonus, 3+ Hyper, 2+ Normal 1+ Hypo, 0 Absent S1 Achilles Tendon |
S1 Achilles Tendon
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wheelchair facts
adult standard wheelchair seat width __ inches seat depth __ inches seat height __ inches |
adult standard wheelchair
seat width 18 inches seat depth 16 inches seat height 20 inches |
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wheelchair facts
hemi-height wheelchair have decreased seat height ___ inches to allow for foot propulsion |
hemi-height wheelchair have decreased seat height 17.5 inches to allow for foot propulsion
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wheelchair facts
rear wheel axles can be positioned __ inches ___ from normal for patients with amputations to increase BOS and to compensate for diminished weight in front of wheelchair |
rear wheel axles can be positioned two inches posteriorly from normal for patients with amputations to increase BOS and to compensate for diminished weight in front of wheelchair
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wheelchair measurements
seat height patient's heel to popliteal fold + ___ inches (allow footrest clearance) |
patient's heel to popliteal fold + 2 inches (allow footrest clearance)
average adult size 19.5-20.5 inches |
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wheelchair measurements
seat depth patient's posterior buttock, along lateral thigh to popliteal fold minus ___ inches to avoid pressure from front edge of seat against popliteal space |
patient's posterior buttock, along lateral thigh to popliteal fold minus 2 inches to avoid pressure from front edge of seat against popliteal space
average adult size 16 inches |
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wheelchair measurements
seat width measure widest part of patient's buttocks/hips/or thighs + __ inches |
measure widest part of patient's buttocks/hips/or thighs + 2 inches
average adult size 18 inches |
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wheelchair measurements
back height seat to the floor of ___ with patient's shoulder flexed to 90 degrees then minus ___ inches. back height should be below the inferior angles of scapula. add height of seat cushion. |
seat to the floor of axilla with patient's shoulder flexed to 90 degrees then minus 4 inches. back height should be below the inferior angles of scapula. add value of seat cushion.
average adult size 16 to 16.5 inches |
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wheelchair measurements
armrest height seat to ___ with patient's elbow flexed 90 degrees then + __ inch (remember to add cushion height) |
seat to olecranon process with patient's elbow flexed 90 degrees then + 1 inch (remember to add cushion height)
average adult size 9 inches above chair seat |
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ASIA IMPAIRMENT SCALE
__ = ___: No motor or sensory function is preserved in the sacral segments S4-S5. |
A = Complete: No motor or sensory
function is preserved in the sacral segments S4-S5. |
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ASIA IMPAIRMENT SCALE
__ = ___: ___ but not motor function is preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments S4-S5 |
B = Incomplete: Sensory but not
motor function is preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segements S4-S5 |
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ASIA IMPAIRMENT SCALE
___ = Incomplete: Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and ___ than half of key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade less than 3. |
C = Incomplete: Motor function is
preserved below the neurological level, and more than half of key muscles below the newurological level have a muscle grade less than 3. |
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ASIA IMPAIRMENT SCALE
__ = Incomplete: Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and at least __ of key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade of ___. |
D = Incomplete: Motor function is
preserved below the neurological level, and at least half of key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade of 3 or more. |
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ASIA IMPAIRMENT SCALE
__ = Normal: motor and sensory function is normal |
E = Normal: motor and sensory
function is normal |
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MCA stroke
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contralateral hemiparesis and sensory deficits, arm more involved than leg
arm > leg |
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CVA of posterior cerebral artery syndrome (central territory)
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contralateral hemiplegia with thalamic sensory syndrome and involuntary movements
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CVA of vertebral artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery (lateral medullary syndrome)
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decreased pain and temp to the face and ipsilateral ataxia with contralateral pain and thermal loss of the body
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CVA of anterior cerebral artery
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contralateral hemiparesis and sensory deficits, Leg > arm
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> 200 mg/dL
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too much blood cholesterol
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LDL > 130 mg/dL
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too much LDL
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HDL < 40 mg/dL for men
HDL < 50 mg/dL for women |
harmful, BAD
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spondylolysis
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fracture of the pars interarticularis with positive scotty dog sign on oblique view
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spondylolisthesis
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anterior slippage
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Spondylitis
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is an inflammation of the vertebra.
examples: Pott's disease is a tuberculous disease of the vertebrae Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease involving the spine and sacroiliac joints |
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Spondylosis
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degenerative osteoarthritis of the joints between the centra of the spinal vertebrae and/or neural foraminae. facet joints are not involved. If severe, it may cause pressure on nerve roots with subsequent sensory and/or motor disturbances, such as pain, paresthesia, or muscle weakness in the limbs.
When the space between two adjacent vertebrae narrows, compression of a nerve root emerging from the spinal cord may result in radiculopathy (sensory and motor disturbances, such as severe pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, back, and/or leg, accompanied by muscle weakness). diagnosis: Spurling's test pain while coughing with neck in hyperextended position |
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lumbar spondylosis - neural compression of L5. no discal herniation/bulging. most likely structure compressing the nerve root is the
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ligamentum flavum (becomes hypertrophied with lumbar spondylosis therefore invade intervertebral foramen)
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___ indication for stopping exercise bout is onset of moderate to severe angina
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absolute indication for stopping exercise bout is onset of moderate to severe angina
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full-thickness skin involvement
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dry and leathery
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partial-thickness injury
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wet and red
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___ lesions = locked in syndrome. tape eyes open, and communicate with eyes
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pontine lesions = locked in syndrome. tape eyes open, and communicate with eyes
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why take digitalis?
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increase cardiac contractility after a MI
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Digitalis and ECG
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depressed ST segment with a flat T wave and shortened QT interval
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secondary lymphadema from radical mastectomy and radiation - best PT for edema is
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intermittent pneumatic compression, extremity elevation, and massage
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secondary lymphadema from radical mastectomy and radiation
isometric exercise is ___ |
isometric exercise is contraindicated
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with axillary dissection the ___ nerve may be damaged
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with axillary dissection the long thoracic nerve may be damaged
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connective tissue changes, myopathies, and neuropathies can indicated rejection in a patient with a ___ in either the acute or chronic phase
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connective tissue changes, myopathies, and neuropathies can indicated rejection in a patient with a solid organ transplant in either the acute or chronic phase
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Paget's disease symptoms similar to spinal stenosis
most important PT is |
postural reeducation to prevent positions that increase symptoms
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paget's disease similar to spinal stenosis
aggravated by positions where the lumbar spine is in ___ |
aggravated by positions where the lumbar spine is in extension
lumbar extension exercises decreases the space within the vertebral foramen, therefore increase symptoms associated with spinal stenosis and Paget's disease |
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___ disease
metabolic bone disease, increased osteoclast activity, excessive bone formation, lacks true structural integrity, bone appears enlarged, but weak. symptoms: musculoskeletal pain, bony deformities - kyphosis, coxa varus, bowing long bones, vertebral compression) |
paget's disease
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intermittent claudication occurs with ___
exercising leads to pain and ___ of the skin, pulses may be decreased or absent |
intermittent claudication occurs with PVD
exercising leads to pain and pallor of the skin, pulses may be decreased or absent |
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hallmark of ___ pain = relieved with rest
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hallmark of claudication pain = relieved with rest
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___ claudication = burning pain and dysesthesia
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neurogenic claudication = burning pain and dysesthesia
Dysesthesia - an unpleasant, abnormal sense of touch, and it may be, or not be, considered as a kind of pain. It is caused by lesions of the nervous system, peripheral or central, and it involves sensations, whether spontaneous or evoked, such as burning, wetness, itching, electric shock, and pins and needles. |
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___ neuropathy - aching pain, numbness of feet/hands, motor weakness, muscle atrophy, autonomic changes
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peripheral neuropathy - aching pain, numbness of feet/hands, motor weakness, muscle atrophy, autonomic changes
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___ - creeping or crawling sensations is legs that result in involuntary movements
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restless leg syndrome - creeping or crawling sensations is legs that result in involuntary movements
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normal BP
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<120, <80
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___
120-130 80-89 |
Pre-hypertension
120-130 80-89 |
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___ stage 1
130-140 90-100 |
hypertension stage 1
130-140 90-100 |
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___ stage 2
140-160 100-110 |
hypertension stage 2
140-160 100-110 |
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___ stage 3
> 160 >110 |
hypertension stage 3
> 160 >110 |
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___ HTN = no identifiable cause
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primary/essential HTN = no identifiable cause
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___ HTN - cause can be determined (arteriosclerosis, vascular disorders, renal disease, endocrine disorders, pregnancy, drug related)
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secondary HTN - cause can be determined (arteriosclerosis, vascular disorders, renal disease, endocrine disorders, pregnancy, drug related)
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test for ___ hypotension
5 min BP in supine BP at 1 min and 3 min AFTER standing or sitting |
test for orthostatic hypotension
5 min BP in supine BP at 1 min and 3 min AFTER standing or sitting |
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a decrease in systolic BP of > ___ mm Hg or standing BP <100 SBP is significant and should be reported
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a decrease in systolic BP of > 20 mm Hg or standing BP <100 SBP is significant and should be reported
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MAP (arterial pressure within large arteries over time - depend on mean blood flow and arterial compliance)
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MAP = (SBP + 2DPR)/3
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dyspnea = SOB
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dyspnea = SOB
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DOE = ___ on exertion
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DOE = dyspnea on exertion
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___ = can't breath when in reclined position
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orthopnea = can't breath when in reclined position
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___ = can't breath when sleeping
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paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea = can't breath when sleeping
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___ = abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood (saturation levels below 90%)
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hypoxemia = abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood (saturation levels below 90%)
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___ = low oxygen level in the tissues
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hypoxia = low oxygen level in the tissues
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___ = pallor, rubor (redness)
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PVD = pallor, rubor (redness)
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___ = pale, shiny, dry skin, with loss of hair (alopecia)
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PVD = pale, shiny, dry skin, with loss of hair (alopecia)
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___ = seen with CHRONIC oxygen deficiency, associated with heart failure
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clubbing = seen with CHRONIC oxygen deficiency, associated with heart failure
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___ sign = dorsal skin folds of the toes or fingers are resistant to lifting, indicative of fibrotic changes and lymphadema
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stemmer's sign = dorsal skin folds of the toes or fingers are resistant to lifting, indicative of fibrotic changes and lymphadema
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___ = intermittent claudication
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PVD = intermittent claudication
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___ causes of edema:
1. chronic VENOUS insufficiency 2. lymphadema |
peripheral causes of edema:
1. chronic VENOUS insufficiency 2. lymphadema |
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CHF = ___ edema
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CHF = bilateral edema
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leg cramps - diuretic use with hypokalemia (from too much peeing)
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leg cramps - diuretic use with hypokalemia (low potassium in blood)
Symptoms : Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias), especially in people with heart disease Breakdown of muscle fibers (rhabdomyolysis) Constipation Fatigue Muscle weakness or spasms Paralysis (which can include the lungs) |
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___ catheter - allows determination of ejection fraction
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cardiac catheter - allows determination of ejection fraction
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central line (___ catheter) = inside right side of the heart. measures central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressures
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central line (swan-ganz catheter) = inside right side of the heart. measures central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressures
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__ enzyme changes
increase SGOT increase CK or CPK (serum creatine phosphokinase) CK-MB increase LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) |
MI enzyme changes
increase SGOT increase CK or CPK (serum creatine phosphokinase) CK-MB increase LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) |
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cholesterol
good < 200 |
cholesterol
good < 200 |
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cholesterol
___ 200-230 |
cholesterol
borderline 200-230 |
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cholesterol
___ >240 |
cholesterol
high risk >240 |
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HDL
___ > 60 |
HDL
low risk > 60 |
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HDL
___ 35-60 |
HDL
moderate risk 35-60 |
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HDL
___ < 35 |
HDL
high risk < 35 |
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PaO2 increase in hyperventilation
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PaO2 increase in hyperventilation
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PaO2 decreases in cardiac decompensation, COPD
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PaO2 decreases in cardiac decompensation, COPD
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PaCO2 increases in COPD
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PaCO2 increases in COPD
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PaCO2 decreases in pregnancy, PE and anxiety
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PaCO2 decreases in pregnancy, PE and anxiety
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respiratory alkalosis
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hyperventilation, sepsis, liver disease, fever
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metabolic alkalosis
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vomiting, potassium depletion, diuretics, volume depletion
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respiratory acidosis
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COPD, respiratory depressants, neuromuscular disease (e.g., myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, muscular dystrophy)
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metabolic acidosis
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bicarbonate deficit, increase acids (diabetes, alcohol, starvation), renal failure, increased acid intake and loss of alkaline body fluids
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___ time 11-15 seconds
longer in factor x deficiency, hemorrhagic disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis drugs (warfarin) |
prothrombin time 11-15 seconds
longer in factor x deficiency, hemorrhagic disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis drugs (warfarin) |
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prothrombin time 11-15 seconds
if clotting time is increased ___ times or more than normal, PT is contraindicated |
prothrombin time 11-15 seconds
if clotting time is increased 2.5 times or more than normal, PT is contraindicated |
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partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 25-40 seconds
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partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 25-40 seconds
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internationa normalized ration (INR) : ratio of individual's PT to reference range; normal 0.9-1.1 (ratio)
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internationa normalized ration (INR) : ratio of individual's PT to reference range; normal 0.9-1.1 (ratio)
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Good INR
INR < __ |
Good INR
INR < 2 |
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BAD INR
INR > __ |
BAD INR
INR > 2 consult with MD for increased risk of bleeding (takes 2x longer to clot blood than reference) |
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really bad INR
INR > __ |
really bad INR
INR > 3 increased risk of hemarthrosis (bleeding into joint spaces) |
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bleeding time 2-10 minutes. increase in platelet disorders, thrombocytopenia
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bleeding time 2-10 minutes. increase in platelet disorders, thrombocytopenia
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leukocytes (white blood cells)
normal: ___ cells/mm3 |
leukocytes (white blood cells)
normal: 5,000-10,000 cells/mm3 |
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leukocytes (white blood cells)
> ___ use light exercise only |
leukocytes (white blood cells)
> 5000 use light exercise only |
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leukocytes (white blood cells)
< ___ with fever exercise in contraindicated |
leukocytes (white blood cells)
< 5000 with fever exercise in contraindicated |
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|
leukocytes (white blood cells)
< ___ use mask, standard precautions |
leukocytes (white blood cells)
< 1000 use mask, standard precautions |
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|
___
% of RBC of the whole blood volume |
Hematocrit
% of RBC of the whole blood volume |
|
|
Hematocrit
normal Males: ___% |
Hematocrit
normal Males: 42-52% |
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|
Hematocrit
normal Females: ___% |
Hematocrit
normal Females: 37-47% |
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Hematocrit
___ with erythrocytosis (excess RBC), dehydration, shock (loss of fluid) |
Hematocrit
increases with erythrocytosis (excess RBC), dehydration, shock (loss of fluid) |
|
|
Hematocrit
___ with severe anemias, acute hemorrhage |
Hematocrit
decreases with severe anemias, acute hemorrhage |
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|
Hematocrit and exercise
> 25% but less than normal: ___ |
Hematocrit and exercise
> 25% but less than normal: light exercise only |
|
|
Hematocrit and exercise
< 25% exercise is ___ |
Hematocrit and exercise
< 25% exercise is contraindicated |
|
|
hemoglobin
normal: male 14-18 g/dL female 12-16 g/dL |
hemoglobin
normal: male 14-18 g/dL female 12-16 g/dL |
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|
hemoglobin and exercise
low values ___ g/dL hemoglobin leads to decreased exercise tolerance, increased fatigue, and tachycardia light exercise only |
hemoglobin and exercise
low values 8-10 g/dL hemoglobin leads to decreased exercise tolerance, increased fatigue, and tachycardia light exercise only |
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|
hemoglobin and exercise
< ___ g/dL hemoglobin = exercise is contraindicated |
hemoglobin and exercise
< 8 g/dL hemoglobin = exercise is contraindicated |
|
|
___ count
normal: 150,000-450,000 cells/mm3 |
platelet count
normal: 150,000-450,000 cells/mm3 |
|
|
platelet count
< ___ AROM, ADLs only |
platelet count
< 20,000 AROM, ADLs only |
|
|
platelet count
___ light exercise only |
platelet count
20,000-30,000 light exercise only |
|
|
platelet count
___ moderate exercise |
platelet count
30,000-50,000 moderate exercise |
|
|
triglycerides
desirable < 165 |
triglycerides
desirable < 165 |
|
|
LDL/HDL ratio
low risk 0.5-3.0 |
LDL/HDL ratio
low risk 0.5-3.0 |
|
|
LDL/HDL ratio
moderate risk 3.0-6.0 |
LDL/HDL ratio
moderate risk 3.0-6.0 |
|
|
LDL/HDL ratio
high risk > 6.0 |
LDL/HDL ratio
high risk > 6.0 |
|
|
___
disease of moderate and large arteries |
atherosclerosis
disease of moderate and large arteries |
|
|
angina may be accompanied by ___ sign (patient clenches fist over sternum for ischemic chest pain)
|
angina may be accompanied by Levine's sign (patient clenches fist over sternum for ischemic chest pain)
|
|
|
kernig's sign = ___
|
meningitis
Meningism is the triad of nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness), photophobia (intolerance of bright light) and headache. It is a sign of irritation of the meninges, such as seen in meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhages and various other diseases. |
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|
termed CHF when edema present - from CAD, valvular disease, congenital heart disease, HT, infection
|
termed CHF when edema present - from CAD, valvular disease, congenital heart disease, HT, infection
|
|
|
__ heart failure = symptoms are controlled by medical therapy
|
compensated heart failure = symptoms are controlled by medical therapy
|
|
|
__ in CO results in pre-renal (kidney) failure
|
decrease in CO results in pre-renal (kidney) failure
|
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main clinical syndromes of __
1. angina pectoris 2. MI 3. heart failure: decreased CO, increased end diastolic pressures ie increased preload, increased HR, impaired ventricular function which leads to cardiomyopathy 4. sudden death |
main clinical syndromes of CAD
1. angina pectoris 2. MI 3. heart failure: decreased CO, increased end diastolic pressures ie increased preload, increased HR, impaired ventricular function which leads to cardiomyopathy 4. sudden death |
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|
___ side effects:
1. HTN 2. osteoporosis 3. muscle wasting 4. skin breakdown 5. cataracts 6. adrenocorticosupression 7. hyperglycemia |
corticosteroids aka glucocorticoids side effects:
1. HTN 2. osteoporosis 3. muscle wasting 4. skin breakdown 5. cataracts 6. adrenocorticosupression 7. hyperglycemia |
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|
Rule of 9s
head - __% (__% front, __% back) |
head - 9% (4.5% front, 4.5% back)
|
|
|
Rule of 9s
each upper extremity, example the right arm: __% (__% front, __% back) |
each upper extremity- 9% (4.5% front, 4.5% back)
|
|
|
Rule of 9s
trunk = __% |
trunk = 36%
18% front, 18% back |
|
|
Rule of 9s
each lower extremity = __% |
each lower extremity = 18%
9% front, 9% back |
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|
Rule of 9s
genital area = __% |
genital area = 1%
|
