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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. List four antivirals used to treat influenza
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Amantadine, Rimantadine
• Mechanism: block the uncoating of influenza A virus- preventing penetration of virus into host Zanamivir (Relenza), Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) |
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2. List two neuraminidase inhibitors
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Zanamivir (Relenza), Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
• Inhibit influenza virus neuraminidase, an enzyme known to cleave the budding viral progeny from its cellular envelope attachment point (neuraminic acid) just prior to release. • Important in both drugs that therapy is initiated early. Significant lowering of viral recovery and secondary infection based disease. |
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3. List the interferon used to treat hepatitis B
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Interferon alpha-2b
[Lamivudine (Epivir) approved for treatment of chronic hep B in conjunction with INFalpha] |
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4. List the uses and mechanisms of the following: acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), famciclovir (Famvir), penciclovir (Denavir)
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Acyclovir (Zovirax)
• Mechanism: converted to acyclovir triphosphate, which inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication by competing with deoxygenase triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase and being incorporated into viral DNA • Dental use: tx of recurrent mucosal and cutaneous herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients. Dose 400mg 5 times daily for 7-14 days. Valacyclovir (Valtrex) • Mechanism: converted to acyclovir by hepatic enzymes then goes through mechanism above • Dental use: tx of herpes labialis (cold sores). Dose- oral 2 grams twice daily for one day (separate doses by ~12 hours) Famciclovir (Famvir) • Mechanism: converted to penciclovir to inhibit viral DNA synthesis • Dental use: Management of acute herpes zoster (shingles); tx of recurrent herpes labialis Penciclovir (Denavir) • Mechanism: inhibits viral DNA synthesis and replication • Dental use: tx of herpes labialis; apply locally as cream to lesion |
