Notes- Chapter 3

Front 1

consists of two primary types of programs: the operating system and utility programs.

Back 1

system software

Front 2

small programs that perform many of the general housekeeping tasks for the computer, such as system
maintenance and file compression.

Back 2

Utility programs

Front 3

group of programs that controls how your computer system functions.

Back 3

Operating system (OS)

Front 4

Machinery that is required to perform a repetitive series of specific tasks in an exact
amount of time requires what type of OS.

Back 4

Real time OS (RTOS)

Front 5

examples that use this type of OS: Scientific instruments
Automation and control machinery, robotic
devices
Video games

Back 5

RTOS (real-time)

Front 6

examples that use this type of OS:
PDAs
Embedded computers in cell phones,
cameras, appliances, and toys

Back 6

single user-single task

Front 7

examples that use this type of OS:
Personal desktop computers
Notebooks

Back 7

single user- multitask

Front 8

examples that use this type of OS:
Networks (both home and business)
Mainframes
Supercomputers

Back 8

Multiusers

Front 9

examples of this type of OS
-Nucleus RTOS
-QNX Neutrino
-Lynx.

Back 9

RTOS

Front 10

examples of this type of OS:
Palm OS
Pocket PC (Windows CE)
Windows Mobile
MS-DOS
Symbian OS
Linux

Back 10

single user-single task

Front 11

examples of this type of OS
Windows Vista, XP, and 2000
Mac OS X
Linux

Back 11

single user,multitask

Front 12

SUSE Linux Enterprise
examples of this type of OS:
Windows Server 2008
i5/OS
z/OS
Linux/UNIX
Unicos (offshoot of Unix)

Back 12

multiuser

Front 13

These computers are responsible for storing, managing, and simultaneously processing data from all users.

Back 13

Mainframes

Front 14

These computers are used to solve complex problems or to perform massive
computations.

Back 14

Supercomputers

Front 15

The combination of operating system and
processor is referred to as a computer’s :

Back 15

Platform

Front 16

The most recent version of the Mac operating system, Leopard, is based on the--- OS:

Back 16

UNIX

Front 17

Software that is freely available for developers to use or modify as they wish.

Back 17

Open source

Front 18

Interface in which you enter commands to communicate
with the computer system.

Back 18

Command-driven interface

Front 19

Interface in which you choose a command from menus displayed on the screen.

Back 19

A menu-driven interface

Front 20

Interface that use the point-and-click technology of the mouse and cursor

Back 20

GUI (graphical user interface)

Front 21

the printer generates this
unique signal that tells the operating system that it is in need
of immediate attention

Back 21

an interrupt

Front 22

this process processes the task assigned to a higher priority before processing a task that has
been assigned a lower priority.

Back 22

preemptive multitasking.

Front 23

a “memo” in this special location in RAM

Back 23

stack

Front 24

if the printer is in use, the OS puts a request in a storage area in RAM known as:

Back 24

buffer

Front 25

a program that helps coordinate all print jobs currently being sent to the printer

Back 25

spooler

Front 26

this is formed when there is one more than one print job is waiting

Back 26

queue (line)

Front 27

What was founded to give children in developing countries a
better opportunity to “learn, share, and create"?
Who founded it?

Back 27

- the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC)
- Nicholas Negroponte

Front 28

this notebook, presented in developing countries, is small and has a comfortable, child-sized, built-in handle.
- what is its operating system?

Back 28

-the XO
- the Sugar

Front 29

Amount of RAM usually needed for home computers

Back 29

1 to 4 GB ( 1-2 Gb is sufficient )

Front 30

the operating system swaps out from RAM the data or instructions that have not been recently
used and moves them to a temporary storage area on the hard drive called the:

Back 30

swap file/ page file

Front 31

facilitates the communication between the hardware device and the operating system.

Back 31

device driver

Front 32

The devices whose drivers are included in Windows are
called :

Back 32

plug n play (PnP)

Front 33

blocks of code that software
applications need to interact with it.

Back 33

API's (applications programming interfaces)

Front 34

advantages of API's

Back 34

-avoid redundancies in software code
-make it easier for software developers to respond
to changes in the operating system.

Front 35

If you think a recent driver update may be making your computer unstable, you can
use the --- feature to get rid of the new driver and replace it with the last one that worked.

Back 35

roll back drivers

Front 36

various hardware configurations
that are permanently are stored in this special kind of memory that uses almost no power.

Back 36

CMOS

Front 37

kernel is said to be--- because it stays in RAM the entire time your computer is powered on

Back 37

memory resident

Front 38

special diagnostic mode designed for troubleshooting errors.

Back 38

safe mode

Front 39

a feature in the operating system that lets you view and change the properties of all devices attached to your computer.

Back 39

device manager

Front 40

the first interaction you have with the operating system and the
first image you see on your monitor.

Back 40

the desktop

Front 41

groups of icons collected for easy access

Back 41

ribbons

Front 42

display view of smaller icons and file names. This is a
good view if you have a lot of content.

Back 42

list view

Front 43

a default setting that
smoothes the edges of screen fonts to make text easier to read.

Back 43

clear type

Front 44

regroups related pieces of
files on the hard disk, allowing the OS to work more efficiently.

Back 44

disk defragmenter

Front 45

a Windows utility that
checks for lost files and fragments as well as physical errors on your hard drive.

Back 45

ScanDisk

Front 46

the smallest segments within the sectors.

Back 46

clusters