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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What was the importance of Darwins perspective for the study of nonverbal communication?
No matter where you go, people express emotional expression in the she way. Innate Universals in expression. ex: anger and sadness are the same. Ex: The expression of a dog face anger and a human face anger.
What did Kretschmer and Sheldon link with personality?
PHYSIQUE and CHARACTER studies.- Tried to make correlation between body size and character.

These works were based on the idea that if we precisely measure and analyze a person's body, we can learn much about his or her intelligence, temperament, moral worth, and future achievement. Sheldon is Kretschmers tudent and sheldon took the claim further by saying your body type determines what system your body will focus on. (AKA personality)


The three body types:

Ectomorph- Slender- body focused on brain so smart

Mesomorph- Muscular- be more active and competitive

Endomorph- bigger- body as focused on digestive system- humorous
What did Efron conclude regarding his study of gestures and culture?
Efron's innovative and detailed methods of studying gesture and body language, along with his framework for classifying nonverbal behavior, influenced future generations of scholars. Efrons work documented the important role of culture in shaping our gestures and body movement, which at the time was contrary to the belief of many.

Looked at NATURE VS NURTURE. Culture plays a role in shaping our gestures and body movements. He looked at immigrants and gestures and found out that 3rd generation people had mor meaner and gestures than the immigrants at their home. Showing that some components are nurture.
What was Birdwhistell's contribution to the study of nonverbal communication?
Introduced nonverbal communication as a language system. It has linguistics which could be applied to proving new labels for the study of body movement (kinesics). Very revolutionary for the team and very detailed.
What was Halls focus of study?
Focused on PROXEMICS (use of space) and time.

He called nonverbal the silent language.
What did Rosenthal conclude based on his "pygamalion in the classroom" study?
1. Double blind studies- done with drug testing. Placebo, or active drug?
-Experimenter is blind and the one administering the experiment are blind to what drug you are getting.

2. Rosenthal teamed up with Jacobson who was a teacher at another school.
-They tell the teachers they are going to test for intelligence- said half kids did well and half kids did not- but threw out test scores. The students who were told they had good scores ended up having good scores over the years. So teachers subconsciously interacted with the "smart students" more.


-WE ACT TOWARDS PEOPLE IN A WAY THAT ELICITS THE BEHAVIOR WE EXPECT.
What was Ekman & Frisen's focus of study? What were their conclusions?
They sat in a room for a month and made faces for each other. They made ways how the face could moved and they called it Facial Affect Coding System (FACS).
-Origins, uses, and coding of nonverbal behavior."

-The face- They sat in the room for months and took pictures of each others faces. "action units known as FACS (Facial affect coding system)

-Very indent. People still use today. Example of how people specialized on on echannel.

-Ekman & Frisen's article on the origins, usage, and coding of nonverbal behavior distinguished five areas of nonverbal study that served as guide for their own research and ultimately that of many other researchers. These areas were emblems, illustrators, affect display, regulators, and adaptors.
How did the emphasis in the study of nonverbal communication change in the 1980's?
Pattersons (1983) "Nonverbal Behavior: A functional perspective"- Put people in different environments and see how they react. Ex: Showing affection, lying to someone.

-Studies were mainly to see ho people act in different situations and how nonverbal signals work together to show a common communicative goal. Seeing how verbal and nonverbal interact with each other.

We think about the environment and modify our NVBS and express it accordingly to the environment.
What was Birdwhistell's contribution to the study of nonverbal communication?
Introduced nonverbal communication as a language system. It has linguistics which could be applied to proving new labels for the study of body movement (kinesics). Very revolutionary for the team and very detailed.
What was Halls focus of study?
Focused on PROXEMICS (use of space) and time.

He called nonverbal the silent language.
What did Rosenthal conclude based on his "pygamalion in the classroom" study?
1. Double blind studies- done with drug testing. Placebo, or active drug?
-Experimenter is blind and the one administering the experiment are blind to what drug you are getting.

2. Rosenthal teamed up with Jacobson who was a teacher at another school.
-They tell the teachers they are going to test for intelligence- said half kids did well and half kids did not- but threw out test scores. The students who were told they had good scores ended up having good scores over the years. So teachers subconsciously interacted with the "smart students" more.


-WE ACT TOWARDS PEOPLE IN A WAY THAT ELICITS THE BEHAVIOR WE EXPECT.
What was Ekman & Frisen's focus of study? What were their conclusions?
They sat in a room for a month and made faces for each other. They made ways how the face could moved and they called it Facial Affect Coding System (FACS).
-Origins, uses, and coding of nonverbal behavior."

-The face- They sat in the room for months and took pictures of each others faces. "action units known as FACS (Facial affect coding system)

-Very indent. People still use today. Example of how people specialized on on echannel.

-Ekman & Frisen's article on the origins, usage, and coding of nonverbal behavior distinguished five areas of nonverbal study that served as guide for their own research and ultimately that of many other researchers. These areas were emblems, illustrators, affect display, regulators, and adaptors.
How did the emphasis in the study of nonverbal communication change in the 1980's?
Pattersons (1983) "Nonverbal Behavior: A functional perspective"- Put people in different environments and see how they react. Ex: Showing affection, lying to someone.

-Studies were mainly to see ho people act in different situations and how nonverbal signals work together to show a common communicative goal. Seeing how verbal and nonverbal interact with each other.

We think about the environment and modify our NVBS and express it accordingly to the environment.
What were the new trends of research in the 1990's and beyond?
Perception- It showed the researcher perspective. They coded behaviors from an outside buts important to ge the person themselves in that conversations perspective. Its more personal.

Increase focus on biology- nature vs nurture. Focusing on the type of quality it is. The debates goes on.

Technology- MRI that can show whats going on in their brain. Texting, and email filter out nonverbal behaviors.
Future emphasis..
Mutual infuence- there are two people or more in one conversation, and both people influence each other. Its not one sided.

Integrated approach- combining verbal and nonverbal studies. We need toe ee research that does both.

Interplay of biology and culture- Thinking it as nature and nurture. Combination of both to look at both.

Changes over time- How nonverbal changes over time. ex: studying a population over time.