Non-Inhalant Anesthesia

Front 1

Ketamine uses

Back 1

-Most commonly used induction agent.
-Class III drug
-Rapid onset in IV & IM due to high lipid solubility
-IV route has advantages (rapid induction, recovery, and dose is much less)
-IM doses higher (if IM dose accidentally given IV it would produce significant overdose and death)
-IV only in dogs (IM can produce excitemnet & seizures
-Repeated doses to maintain anesthesia not reccommended as causes build up in tissues leading to overdose.

Front 2

How is Ketamine metabolized?

Back 2

Dogs: hepatic metabolisim

Cats: excreted by kidneys

Front 3

List of Common Ketamine Combinations

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-Ketamine/Diazepam
-Ketamine/Xylazine
-Ketamine/Dexmedetomidine
-Ketamine/Acepromazine

Front 4

Ketamine/Diazepam mixture

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-Very popular for dogs & cats
-***Equal amounts of each drug at a rate of 1mL/20 lbs.**
-Give IV, not absorbed when IM
-If needed to give IM switch from diazepam to midazolam (as its water soluable)

Front 5

Ketamine/Xylazine mixture

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-Used for Cats & Horses
-Severe cardio & respir. effects in dogs, so not recommended
-Can be given IV or IM, but IM safer in cats.
-Recovery monitored closely as cardiac collapse can result
-Risk of aspiration as because xylazine is an emetic
-Best in the HORSE, minimal side effects

Front 6

Ketamine/Dexmedetomidine mixture

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-IM preferred over IV (cardio side effects lower with IM route)
-Side effects include bradycardia, heart block, & seizures

Front 7

Ketamine/Acepromazine mixture

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-Commonly given to CATS
-IV or IM routes used
-Often not sufficient for major surgery unless supplemented w/ opioid or inhalation anesthetic

Front 8

Drugs to know.....

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-Anticholinergic
-Phenothiazines
-Benzodiazepines
-Alpha-2 Agonists
-Opiods (Narcotics)
-Barbiturates
-Cyclohexamines
-Propofol
-Guaifenesin