Neurotest1, Ch.1

Front 1

what is the definition of neural plasticity?

Back 1

changes in structure, connections, or function in a neural system in response to experimental manipulations or injury.

the effect outlasts the stimulus

Front 2

where is the CNS located?

Back 2

encased in skull and vertebral column

Front 3

where is PNS?

Back 3

spinal nerves
cranial nerves
from brain stem

Front 4

The nervous system functional classification
describe these:
Autonomic
Somatic
Somatosensory

Back 4

Autonomic - homeostatic functions, mostly brain. not aware of this, internal organs, breathing from brainstem

Somatic - voluntary, from brain cortex (higher centers)

Somatosensory - perception, proprioception

Front 5

example of nervous system at the

molecular level

Back 5

Na+ chemistry

Front 6

nervous system example of

cellular level

Back 6

neuronal function

Front 7

nervous system example of

systems level

Back 7

proprioception

Front 8

nervous system example of

behavioral level

Back 8

breathing

Front 9

nervous system example of

cognitive level

Back 9

learning and memory

Front 10

what is gray matter?

what are 3 things in gray matter?

Back 10

Collections of CELL BODIES (and dendrites)

1. nucleus - cluster of neuron somas (cell bodies) inside the CNS

2. cortex - layered arrangement of neuron somas (cell bodies); a surface covering on part of CNS

3. Ganglia - cluster of neuron somas (cell bodies) outside the CNS

Front 11

what is white matter?

Back 11

collections of myelinated fibers aka a tract

it connects one area of CNS to another area

other names for tract are
fasciculus
lemniscus
peduncle
column
capsule

Front 12

afferent axons go to the _____ horn

Back 12

dorsal

Front 13

efferent axons comes from the ____ horn

Back 13

ventral

Front 14

the spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to ______

Back 14

L1/L2

Front 15

the spinal cord is _____ w/ the brainstem

Back 15

continuous

Front 16

The spinal cord extends from ____ to ____

Back 16

atlas (C1) to Conus Medularis (L1/L2)

Front 17

there are ____ pairs of spinal nerves

Back 17

31

Front 18

in the spinal cord, there are cervical and lumbar _____

Back 18

enlargements

Front 19

the _____ connects the cerebrum w/ the spinal cord, and it contains these three things

Back 19

brainstem

contains: midbrain, pons, medulla

Front 20

____ nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed

Back 20

cranial nerves

Front 21

the _____ deals w/ behaviors necessary for survival: breathing, feeding, drinking, sleep, sexual function, emergency responses - autonomic functions

Back 21

brainstem

Front 22

the _______ regulates the overall activity level of the spinal and cerebral neurons, and acts as a SIMPLE CONDUIT

Back 22

brainstem

Front 23

The ___ has two primary functions
1. comparing actual movement w/ intended movement
2. adjusting movement as necessary

Back 23

cerebellum

Front 24

what are two primary functions of the cerebellum?

Back 24

1. compares actual movement w/ intended movement
2. makes movement adjustments as necessary

other jobs of cerebellum include
-modulating activity of descending pathways
-coordination and movement

Front 25

what is in the cerebrum?

Back 25

1. Diencephalon (bilateral nuclei, thalamus and hypothalamus)

2. cerebral hemispheres (basal ganglia, limbic structures, cortex/lobes)

Front 26

what two things are in the diencephalon?

Back 26

thalamus, hypothalamus

diencephalon is in the cerebrum

Front 27

what does the thalamus do?

Back 27

its a relay station for SENSORY INFO

Front 28

what does the basal ganglia do?

Back 28

control movement

ex: parkinsons

Front 29

the ______ are responsible for emotion, learning, and memory

Back 29

limbic structures

Front 30

the ____ covering on outside of brain, complex thought processes

Back 30

cortex/lobes

Front 31

the _____ is the site for reasoning, language, non-verbal communication, intelligence, personality

Back 31

cerebral cortex

(in the cerebrum)

Front 32

definition of lesion

Back 32

an area of damage or dysfunction

Front 33

a ____ lesion is limited to a single location. example is a spinal cord tumor. most traumas are this type of lesion

Back 33

focal

Front 34

a _______ lesion is limited to several NON-symmetrical locations. examples are MS, metastasized tumor.

Back 34

multifocal

think non-symmetrical

Front 35

a ____ lesion is affecting bilaterally SYMMETRICAL structures. It DOES NOT cross the midline as a single lesion

an example is Alzheimer's

Back 35

diffuse

Front 36

symptoms during neurologic evaluation

_____: minutes/hours to maximal signs. trauma or vascular event (stroke)

Back 36

acute

Front 37

symptoms during neurologic evaluation

_____: progressing to maximal signs over a few days (immune problem, toxicity inflammatory)

Back 37

subacute

Front 38

symptoms during neurologic examintation

_____: gradual progression over months or years (tumor, degenerative condition, parkinsons)

Back 38

chronic

Front 39

_____ convey info short distances, and are completely contained within the CNS

Back 39

interneuron