Neurosensory Exam Ii

Front 1

Following trauma or transection of the spinal cord, all functions are depressed (normal function depends on input from above, with the loss of this input the cord becomes silent). After days, the cord regains its excitability and often become hyperexcitable

This is called _

Back 1

SPINAL SHOCK

Front 2

Signs of spinal shock

Back 2

1. Decrease in arterial blood pressure
2. Areflexia – lasts for weeks to months
3. Loss of bladder/colon control – returns after a few weeks

Front 3

Name descending motor tracts

Back 3

1. Corticonuclear and Corticospinal tracts – “nuclear” refers to brainstem nuclei
2. Rubrospinal tract
3. Reticulospinal tract
4. Vestibulospinal tract
5. Tectospinal tract

Front 4

Course of corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts

Back 4

1. Begin in cortex
2. Enter posterior limb of internal capsule
3. Middle third of cerebral peduncle (crus cerebri)
4. Basilar pons
5. Pyramids (in the medulla about 90% of the axons cross the midline – decussation of the pyramids)
6. Lateral funiculus of spinal cord

Front 5

Motor nuclei of cranial nerves – mainly bilateral, except for ?

Back 5

Facial, nucleus ambiguus, hypoglossal and spinal accessory

Front 6

Axons of corticospinal tract that cross midline in medulla comprise _ - majority 90%

Axons that cross at the level of their termination in spinal cord form _

Back 6

LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL

ANTERIOR CORTICOSPINAL

Front 7

Where are the synapses of corticospinal tract mainly occur

Back 7

THE SYNAPSES OCCUR MAINLY ON INTERNEURONS – indirectly activate both α and γ motor neurons. However, some contact is made directly to α motor neurons.

Front 8

Terminations of CNT and CST

Back 8

-Red nucleus – ipsilateral
-Reticular formation – bilateral

Front 9

The major input to the red nucleus is from ?

Back 9

basal nuclei, cerebellum and cerebral cortex

Front 10

Axons of the rubrospinal tract derive from the magnocellular region of the red nucleus and immediately decussate in ?

Back 10

VENTRAL TEGMENTAL DECUSSATION

Front 11

RUBROSPINAL TRACT AXONS descend in close proximity to _ tract and control _

Back 11

CBST

Distal muscles used in fine, precise movement

Front 12

Terminations of rubrospinal tract occur on _

Back 12

1. Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, facial, trigeminal, vestibular and dorsal column nuclei
2. interneurons to excite α and γ FLEXORS in cervical and upper thoracic cord

Front 13

The reticulospinal tract arises from a population of cells within the brainstem tegmentum and innervates ?

Back 13

Alpha and gamma motor neurons

Front 14

Function of reticulospinal tract

Back 14

To coordinate posture and movements by integrating vestibular and other sensory input with commands from the cerebral cortex

Front 15

The medullary (lateral) reticulospinal tract descends ipsilaterally to all cord levels and facilitates

Back 15

FLEXORS

Front 16

The pontine (medial) reticulospinal tract descends mainly ipsilaterally to all spinal levels and facilitates?

Back 16

EXTENSORS

Front 17

Input to the cells of origin of reticulospinal tracts arise from ?

Back 17

Spinal cord (sensory input via spinoreticular tract), cerebellum and cerebral cortex.

Front 18

The reticulospinal tracts are involved in WHAT KIND OF MOVEMENTS

Back 18

Stronger, sustained, forceful contractions, that are under cortical control.

Front 19

- Although the medullary system is associated flexors and pontine with extensors, the reticulospinal system in general is BIASED TOWARDS?

Back 19

EXTENSORS

Front 20

The vestibulospinal tracts arise from the vestibular nuclei:
• The lateral and inferior vestibular nuclei provide _ that projects to _
and is associated with _

Back 20

LATERAL VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT

to all levels of the cord in the anterior funiculus

paravertebral muscles and proximal limb extensors; facilitates extensor neurons