Neuroscience Exam1 Pitt

Front 1

Characteristic of Brain. Different Localized areas of the brain serve different functions and are interconnected in ways to produced a output of a given system.

Back 1

Modularity

Front 2

Characteristic of Brain. Given function served by brain is rarely produced by only one system, instead multiple modules can serve similar functions in different areas

Back 2

Redundancy

Front 3

Characteristic of Brain. Cells can take multiple inputs and create an output from those inputs

Back 3

Integration of Inputs

Front 4

Characteristic of Brain. All parts of system are controlled to produce an outputwithin a narrow range of possible outputs

Back 4

Regulation

Front 5

Characteristic of Brain. The concept that the nervous system has several layers of control over most processes. Tiered structure.

Back 5

Hierarchy

Front 6

Characteristic of Brain. The concept that the components of the nervous system can change functionality with experience and often maintain those cannes throughout the lifetime. Brain is always chagning and never the same.

Back 6

Plasticity

Front 7

The belief that all behavior, sensation and all thought is caused by activity in the nervous system

Back 7

Materialistic Monists

Front 8

Consists of brain an spinal cord

Back 8

The Central Nervous System

Front 9

consists of the nerves that ocnnect the brain and spinal cord to the muscles skin, internal organs.

Back 9

The Peripheral Nervous System

Front 10

Cerebrum
Midbrain
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla

Back 10

Order of the Brain's Major Components

Front 11

larger in more intelligent species, responsible for cognitive fuctions

Back 11

cerebrum, cerebral cortex

Front 12

responsible for vegatative functions like breathing, sleeping, heart rate

Back 12

brain stem: midbrain, pons, medulla

Front 13

fluid filled cavaties within the brain

Back 13

ventricles

Front 14

stain that stains the soma of cells

Back 14

crestyl violet stain

Front 15

stain that stains the thick layers of membrane which surround many of the long processes present in nerves

Back 15

weil stain

Front 16

stain that stains the entire cell, stains 1/100 neurons

Back 16

golgi stain

Front 17

the cell body

Back 17

soma

Front 18

short branching off the soma

Back 18

dendrites

Front 19

long unbranched structure extending away from the soma

Back 19

axon

Front 20

axons connecting the brain and sensory organs or muscles. in the PNS

Back 20

Cranial Nerves

Front 21

axons connecting the spinal cord and the muscles or sensory organs. in the PNS

Back 21

spinal nerves

Front 22

groups of axons connecting one nucleus to another in the brain and spinal cord (the CNS)

Back 22

tracts

Front 23

signals carried along axons

Back 23

action potential

Front 24

property of APs: they remain same intensity along axon

Back 24

non-decremental

Front 25

property of APs: in order for an AP to fire an AP, the stimulus must reach a certain threshold point, subthreshold stimulus will result in nothing, any supra will always result in the same AP

Back 25

all or nothing

Front 26

property of APs: domino like propagation, fire in succession

Back 26

segments of axon

Front 27

cells normal -40mv to -90mv status

Back 27

resting potential

Front 28

caused by the firing of an AP in the neighboring segment

Back 28

depolarization

Front 29

Stimulus that causes AP to fire

Back 29

Stimulus >6.4

Front 30

knobs that occur where the fine branches of the end of the axon are next to the soma/dendrites of another neuron

Back 30

synaptic knobs/terminals

Front 31

the synaptic knob and area along post synaptic membrane comined

Back 31

synapse

Front 32

the gap between presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane

Back 32

synaptic cleft

Front 33

small circular profiles located in synaptic terminal. hold NTs.

Back 33

synaptic knob

Front 34

the thick area along the postsynaptic membrane

Back 34

postsynaptic density

Front 35

short period of time after an AP passes where another AP cannot pass through. Result: AP's can't travel backwards.

Back 35

refractory period

Front 36

this happens when intracellular negative potential made LESS negative by 5 or 10mv and NOTHING HAPPENS

Back 36

subthreshold depolarization

Front 37

this happens when intracellular negative potential made LESS negative by >25mv and an AP is fired

Back 37

suprathreshold depolarization

Front 38

process of filling a microelectrobe with a suspeted NT. suspected NT are then ejected from the microelectrode by pressure or applying a current. Result: releasing very small amounts of NST

Back 38

ionophoresis

Front 39

chemicals located inside the synaptic vessicles. Can excite or inhibit a postsynaptic cell

Back 39

neurotransmitters