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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four nuclei centers of the basal ganglion?
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Caudate/putamen
Substantia nigra pars compacta Globus pallidus/SNpR Subthalamic nucleus |
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What is the input to the basal ganglion?
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Cerebral cortex to the caudate/putamen
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What are the (2) outputs of the basal ganglion?
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1. SNpR to the superior colliculus
2. Globus pallidus internal to the thalamus (VA/VL) |
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Describe saccadic eye movement as controlled by the basal ganglion.
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Caudate nucleus will be stimulated, causing inhibition in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. This inhibition will allow stimulation of the superior colliculus, which will do the necessary calculation for the eye movement.
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Activation of the caudate will cause inhibition and activation in which centers?
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Inhibition of the SNpR
Activation of the superior colliculus Activation is a consequence of inhibition |
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Parkinson's disease is a consequence of reduced input from which center?
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Substantia nigra pars compacta
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The substantia nigra pars compacta gives inputs to which center?
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Striatum
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What is the result of a decrease in SNpC inputs?
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More tonic inhibition of the thalamus and therefore decreased excitation of the frontal cortex
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Huntington's disease is a result of a decreased input from which center?
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putamen to globus pallidus externa
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What is the result of a decrease in input from the putamen to the globus pallidus?
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Decrease in tonic inhibition of the thalamus and therefore an increase in excitation of the frontal cortex
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Describe a basal ganglia loop (general components).
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1. Cortical input
2. Striatum 3. Pallidum 4. Thalamus to appropriate cortical region |
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What components make up the striatum?
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Caudate
Putamen |
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What components make up the Pallidum?
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Globus pallidus
Sunstantia nigra reticulata |
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What is the pathology of Parkinson's?
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Loss of Substantia nigra pars compacta neurons
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What medication is given to Parkinson's patients?
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L-Dopa
DA agonist |
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What patients would receive a pallidotomy? Why?
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Parkinson's
To decrease tonic inhibition |
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Presence of Lewy bodies is a sign of...
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Parkinson's
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What is a Lewy bodies?
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Abnormal mass of protein found in neurons. Associated with Parkinson's
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What is the pathology of Huntington's?
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Loss of striatum neurons
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What center is associated with resting tremors?
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Basal ganglia
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