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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Does the number of genes seem to correlate to brain capacity?
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No. Look at the worm compared to the fly. The fly is more advanced, but it has less genes than the worm
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Name three general functions of the nervous system?
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-homeostasis
-process information -regulation |
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Are a lot of genes expressed within the nervous system?
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no
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synaptic plasticity
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the basis of learning and memory
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what makes brains different? (3)
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-gene expression controlled by introns and reginos surrounding genes
-difference in fine structure of proteins -difference in anatomy caused by learning and environment (plasticity) |
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Name six compartments of neuroscience
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-molecular and cell biology
-anatomy -physiology -computational neuroscience -behavior (neuroethology) -cognitive neuroscience |
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Goal of neuroscience
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explain the mechanisms that process sensory information and direct the behavior of an animal
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Cellular Components of nervous system
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-neurons
-glia or neuroglia |
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Give a brief history of neuron investigation
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1) mid 19th century...all cells where attached with free flowing cytoplasm
2) Camillo Golgi: golgi stain...stained neurons silver 3) 1900 stain used by Cajal to identify individual neurons and discover synapses |
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What did Cajal discover (2)
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1) dynamic polarization: information flows from dendrite to axon terminal
2) Connectinoal Specificity -no cytoplasmic connection -nerve cells are not random networks -each cell makes precise connections |
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number of neurons in human body?
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10^11 neurons in human
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How does information generally flow in a neuron?
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from dendrite to axon
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What are some different shapes of neurons?
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monopolar
bipolar multipolar This refers to the number of "things" (axons or dendrites) leaving an individual cell body |
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The cell body is the site of what?
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protein synthesis
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in general what do dendrites do?
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receive information from other neurons
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what can cover axons?
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myelin
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T/F...axons are always covered in myelin?
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false
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what are the spaces between myelin called?
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nodes of ranvier
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How can the structure of neurons be examined? Briefly talk about it.
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1) immunostaining and GFP tagging methods
-localize proteins -scaffold proteins are distributed differently in axons, dendrites, and synapses -scaffold creates ion channels and proteins that bind or release neurotransmitters |
