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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alcohol metabolism |
alcohol --> acetaldehyde (via ADH) --> acetate (via ALDH) |
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Major hangover genes/decreased risk of alcoholism |
ADH 1B*2, 1B*3, and C*1 ADH1B*2 and C*1 = more severe hangovers ALDH2*2 |
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Effects on GABA system |
-Interacts with GABA-A receptor and facilitates GABA neurotransmission - Causes DA release in nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex |
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Molecular mechanism of ethanol and GABA receptor |
- Ethanol binds allosterically to GABA-A receptor - enhanced receptor activity, greater Cl influx, hyperpolarization of neuron |
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Disulfiram |
- Inhibits ALDH - Causes accumulation of acetaldehyde - Induces unpleasant physiological response that reduces desire to drink |
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Naltrexone |
- Opioid antagonist - Reduces craving in alcoholism - Reduces relapse in recovering alcoholics - Affects activity in reward pathway |
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Acamprosate |
- Glutamate antagonist, GABA agonist - Decreases drinking behavior |
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Benzodiazepines |
- Useful for treating withdrawal symptoms - Facilitates GABAergic function - Compensates for reduced function from chronic alcohol |
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Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors |
- Antidepressants - Not as effective |
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What is the elimination rate for alcohol? |
7 gm/hour |
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What is the disappearance rate? |
0.015%/hr |
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What are the positive reinforcements for alcohol? |
- Conform to behaviors of peers - Pleasurable feeling - Altered consciousness |
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What are the negative reinforcements for alcohol? |
- Avoiding negative emotions - Relieving/avoiding withdrawal symptoms |
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What NT is associated with euphoria? |
dopamine |
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What NT is associated with ataxia? |
GABA |
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Which NTs are involved with sedation? |
GABA-A (activating inhibitors) and NMDA (inhibiting excitatory) |
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Where is alcohol absorbed? |
Duodenum of small intestines |
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What is the rate limiting step in alcohol metabolism? |
ADH |
