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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Syringomyelia |
- Pathological longitudinal cyst of the central canal of the spinal cord - Fluid filling cavities expand in adult years (congenital weakening usually at the C5/C6 area) - Loss of sense of pain and temperature over the shoulders and back in a cape like distribution |
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Multiple Sclerosis |
- Demyelination of the CNS - Plaques are present on MRI - Both motor and sensory tracts are affected - Most commonly seen in females age 20 - 40 - Periods of exacerbations and remissions - Diplopia, scotomas, transient blindness, optic neuritis, pain vertigo and UMNL in the legs causing distal weakness - Death usually caused by infection - (+) L'Hermitte's test - Charcot's Triad: scanning speech, intention tremors, nystagmus (SIN) - Dx: best with MRI |
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Myasthenia Gravis |
- Autoimmune disease in which the body makes antibodies against acetylcholine receptors - Myoneural junction dysfunction - Weakness in proximal muscles- especially those innervated by cranial nerves - Early signs include ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, and feature of muscles (especially after exercise) - Muscle weakness varies during the day being worse at the end of the day - Females age 20 - 40 - Diagnosed with tension test and treated with cholinesterase inhibiting drugs |
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Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) |
- Affects the corticospinal tract and anterior horn - Usually begins in the hands/feet and life expectancy is short (seen in males > 40 years old) - Fasiculations are present as well as spasticity and increased DTRs - LMNL in the arms and UMNL in the legs - Ddx with lateral canal stenosis |
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Posterolateral Sclerosis (PLS) (Combined Systems Disease) |
- Degeneration of the posterior columns and the corticospinal tracts as a result of the B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia) - (+) Schilling test - Neurological symptoms are irreversible - Glove and stocking paresthesia |
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Brown Sequard |
- A hemisection (partially severed) spinal cord usually caused by an injury - Ipsilateral loss of motor function and dorsal columns (proprioception) with contralateral loss of pain and temperature |
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Cerebral Palsy |
- A non-progressive motor disorder of the cerebral cortex due to anoxia to the brain, pre-natally or during birth trauma - Scissor gait, spastic paralysis, athetoid and choreiform movements and normal intelligence levels |
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Parkinson's Disease (Paralysis Agitans) |
-A chronic progressive condition associated with loss of dopamine in the substantial nigra causing basal ganglionic dysfunction - Gradual onset over age 50 - Resting tremors, mask like face, festinating gait, cogwheel/lead pipe rigidity, forward stooped posture, bradykinesia |
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Guillain Barre Syndrome (Landry's Paralysis) |
- Inflammatory polyneuropathy of the PNS linked to recent immunizations or seen after recent illness - ASCENDING paralysis and sensory symptoms |
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Tabes Dorsalis |
- Clinical condition of tertiary syphilis; wasting away of the posterior columns - Irregularities of the pupil (Prostitute's Pupil- accommodates but does not respond to direct light); coordination and balance are disturbed - Slappage gait can be present |
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Muscular Dystrophy (Erb Duchenne) |
- Sex linked recessive disorder (Boys, age 3-7) - Proximal muscle weakness causing a waddling gait; toe walking, hyperlordosis (pot belly stance); psuedo-hypertrophy of the calves; Gower's sign - Large increase in CPK (CK-MM); decreased creatinine |
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Charcot Marie Tooth Disease |
- Hereditary condition that affects both motor and sensory nerves - A typical feature includes weakness of the foot and lower leg muscles, which may result in foot drop and a high-stepped gait with frequent tripping or falls - Lower leg atrophy (perineal muscles) will occur after a period of time |
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Huntington's Chorea |
- Neurodegenerative genetic disorder - Affects muscle coordination, cognitive decline, dementia |
