Neuroanatomy

Front 1

How many spinals nerves are there? and there division into different sections of the spine

Back 1

31 spinal nerves
8 cranial
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal

Front 2

nerve cell bodies in CNS called? and in the PNS

Back 2

in CNS called Nuclei
-PNS= called Ganglia

Front 3

Dorsal horn of the spin contains what?

Back 3

sensory afferent motor neurons and special sense neurons
-composed of pseudo unipolar neurons
found poster

Front 4

Ventral horn of the spinal cord contains what?

Back 4

-motor efferent neurons:
Voluntary somatic neurons for skeletal muscles
-involuntary autonomic neurons for smooth and cardiac muscles

Front 5

Function of the Thalamus?

Back 5

-act as the relay switchboard center of the brain
-receives sensory afferent and then relays them out

Front 6

Hypothalamus?

Back 6

-regulates autonomics and hormone release
-temperature

Front 7

3 major structures of the brain stem?

Back 7

-Midbrain, Pons and Medulla

Front 8

Corpus Callosum

Back 8

-part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres together
-thick bundle of axons

Front 9

what cranial nerves are in the cavernous sinus?

Back 9

- cranial nerves III oculomotor, IV trochlear, and Trigeminal V parts V1 and V2(opthalmic and Maxillary branches)

Front 10

Glossopharyngeal Nerve? functions and from where?

Back 10

-has sensory intervation from the ipsilateral pharynx and taste from poster 1/3 of tongue from the nucleus solitarius
-Innervates the ipsilater stylopharyangeus muscle from the nucleus ambiguous
-Intervates the Parotid gland for secretions signals from the inferior salivary nucleus
-Exits medulla from postolivary sulcus and the skull from the jugular foremen

Front 11

Lesion of Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) leads to?

Back 11

-loss of gag reflex and parotid secretions

Front 12

Vagus functions and what gives it those functions?

Back 12

-ipsilateral intervation of skeletal muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx from the Nucleus ambiguous
-intervates cardiac and smooth muscle of the heart, lungs and GI to the left cholic flexure via the dorsal motor nucleus
-sensory information from the larynx, heart, lungs and GI to the nucleus solitarious
-Exits medulla in postolivary sulcus and through the skull through the jugular foremen
-All deficits are ipsolateral

Front 13

3 cranial nerves that exit through the Jugular foremen?

Back 13

-Glossopharangeal, Vagus and the Spinal Accessory nerve

Front 14

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) function and nucleus location? lesion leads to?

Back 14

-Intervates ipsolateral tongue muscles
-motor signals arrive from the Hypoglossal nucleus
-exits the medulla in the preolivary sulcus then through hypoglossal canal
-lesion leads to tongue deviating towards the side of the lesion

Front 15

What muscles does the trigeminal innervate?

Back 15

-muscle of mastication:
lateral and medial pterygoids, temporalis and masseter
-tensor veli palantini, Tensor tympani, myohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric
and 1st branchial arch muscles

Front 16

Facial nerve nucleus and ext from brain stem where?

Back 16

-Nucleus of the facial nerve located in the pons
-has interesting coarse nerve loops around the abducens nucleus before exiting through the pontomedulary junction
-intervates the muscles of the face, stapedius, stylohyoid, and posterior belly of the digastric
-also provides taste for the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Front 17

Auditory pathway of hearing

Back 17

-the Cocohlear nerve has synapses on the ventral and dorsal cochlear nucleus
-then will decussate through the bilateral projections of the trapezoid body
-synapse in the Superior Olivary bodies
-assend in the Lateral lemniscus to the inferior colliculus
-goes from the brachium of the inferior colliculus to medial geniculate nucleus

Front 18

Lesion of the facial nerve at the pons leads to?

Back 18

-facial muscle paralysis
-stapedius, stylohyoid post belly of digastric
-parasympathetics to lacrimals sublingual and submandibular glands
-leads to bell's Palsy

Front 19

Broca's Area?

Back 19

-special part of the Precentral gyri motor cortex involved with motor innervation for speech

Front 20

What cranial nerves are key in the phonation process?

Back 20

Cranial nerves VII (facial nerve) and cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)

Front 21

What are the cranial nerves involved in articulation?

Back 21

Cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve), VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), X (vagus nerve), XI (spinal accessory nerve), XII (hypoglossal nerve).

Front 22

What does the cerebellum do?

Back 22

It helps coordinate and regulate neural impulses going to and from the brain. It regulates equilibirum, body posture, and coordinated fine-motor movements. An intact cerebellum is critical to speech production and people with cerebellar damage may show ataxia and dysarthria.

Front 23

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum (cerebral cortex)?

Back 23

Occipital, frontal, parietal and temporal.

Front 24

Describe the frontal lobe.

Back 24

It contains motor areas, such as Broca's area, that are critical to speech production.

Front 25

Describe the temporal lobe.

Back 25

It contains the key structures of the primary auditory cortex, the auditory association area, and Wernicke's area.