Neuro Week 1 (Neuroanatomy)

Front 1

Coverings of the CNS

Back 1

Dura mater, Arachnoid MAter, and Pia MAter

Front 2

Two layers of dura

Back 2

Endosteal- adheres to skull

Meningeal- closely adherent to the endosteal layer

Front 3

endosteal layer

Back 3

Endosteal- adheres to skull, (between skull and endosteal layer are the meningeal arteries)

Front 4

Meningeal layer

Back 4

seperation between endosteal layer and meningeal layers forms the sinuses

Front 5

In spinal cord, the endosteal layer is ____

Back 5

ABSENT- this allows for movement

Front 6

Arachnoid mater

Back 6

THin layer, sub arachnoid space fills with CSF

Front 7

Pia mater

Back 7

closely adherent to the nervous tissue

Front 8

Epidural Hematoma symptoms

Back 8

Initial unconsciousness
REturn to consciousness
Secondary unconsciousness
Death (Need surgery in +60min)

Front 9

hemmorage between arachnoid and pia mater?

Back 9

Subarachnoid hematoma

Front 10

Subarachnoid hematoma

Back 10

Usually a vein break
CSF reabsorbs slowely over time to reduce pressure increase.
Compromised mental function

Front 11

Two potential causes of a stroke

Back 11

Occlusive

Hemorrhagic

Front 12

Occlusive stroke components

Back 12

Thrombus (Clot dev. in one part of vasc. and grows (most common type))
Embolism (Clot forms in one part of the body and travels to new spot)

Front 13

Hemorrhagic

Back 13

Aneurysm (leak or burst)
Berry or dissecting
Arteriovenous Malformation
Secondary to hypertension

Front 14

This outer portion of the brain ____ hides this inner portion _____

Back 14

Operculum (outer)

Insular (Inner)

Front 15

_____ Becomes the cerebral peduncle and is the site for many strokes

Back 15

Internal Capsule

Front 16

_____ Sulcus is related to vision

Back 16

Calcarine

Front 17

Most of the choroid plexus is located in the _____

Back 17

Lateral Ventrical

Front 18

Four vessels of the intercranial supply

Back 18

pair of CAROTID ARTERIES
pair of VERTEBRAL ARTERIES

Front 19

They are interconnected by ____and_____

Back 19

Basilar Artery and the Circle of Willis

Front 20

Spinal Cirrculation

Back 20

Dorsal Spinal Artery
Ventral Spinal Artery
Dorsal Radicular Artery (Lateral)
Ventral Radicular Artery (Lateral)

Front 21

Veins of the brain collect into ____

Back 21

Sinuses

Front 22

Sinuses Are formed by:

Back 22

The seperation of two layers of the Dura: Endosteal and Meningeal

Front 23

Four ventricles: (first 2)

Back 23

Two Lateral Ventricles ( within cerebral hemispheres)

Front 24

3rd and 4th ventricles:

Back 24

3rd ventricle (divides deincephalon)
4th ventricle seperates cerebellum from pons and medulla

Front 25

Interventricular Foramena

Back 25

Connect lateral ventricles with 3rd ventricle

Front 26

cerebral aqueduct

Back 26

connects 3rd and 4th ventricle

Front 27

How are they continuous with the space over the brain and spinal cord?

Back 27

Via the medial and lateral apertures in the 4th ventricle

Front 28

THe ventricle system is filled with?

Back 28

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Front 29

How and where is CSF formed?

Back 29

By active secretions in the CHROID PLEXUS (not usually found in 3rd ventricle)

Front 30

CSP properties:
___ protein
___white blood cells/ml
___pressure

Back 30

Less than 50mg/dl protein
Less than 5 white cells/ml
9mmHG pressure

Front 31

Where is CSF reabsored?

Back 31

In the Arachnoid Villi (in the arachnoid granulations

Front 32

Where is an alternative location to collect CSF?

Back 32

Cisterna Magna (at the base of the brain stem, directly below the cerebellum)

Front 33

THree types of Hydrochphalus:

Back 33

Communicating
Non-Communicating
Normal Pressure

Front 34

Communicating Hyrodcephalus

Back 34

Reabsorption is compromised, pressure is elevated everywhere
ventricles enlarge
(confusion, stupor, cloudiness, death) Must SHUNT

Front 35

Non-Communicating

Back 35

FLow within vent. system is compromised, must be shunted

Front 36

N.C. Blockage of cerebral aqueduct

Back 36

Both lateral ventricles enlarge
Pineal Tumor
Rarely Ca deposits are the cause

Front 37

N.C. Blockage of intraventricular foramen

Back 37

Tumors may be cause
Look for only one lateral ventrical enlarging

Front 38

How do you check externally to see if pt. has high CSF pressure?

Back 38

Papilledema (entrance of the optic nerve), congested veins in eye

Front 39

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Back 39

Ventricles enlarge (massive in newborns, small amounts in elderly), but pressure remains the same

Front 40

N.P.H. elderly distinctions from parkinsons

Back 40

P. + NPH: Decreased Mental Fct.
P. + NPH: Gait disturbances
NPH: URINARY INCONTINANCE!

Front 41

____ cells form blood brain barrier.

Back 41

Endothelial cells

Front 42

____ cells form a choroid plexus to CSF barrier.

Back 42

Epithelial cells

Front 43

T or F: THere is essentiall no barrier between the CSF and the Brain?

Back 43

TRUE

Front 44

What organs provide limited communication between the Vascular System and the CNS?

Back 44

Circumventricular Organs.
They provide a path for for macromolecules to get in

Front 45

Where are CVO's found?

Back 45

Midline of the 3rd and 4th ventricle.

Front 46

CVO's are essentially....?

Back 46

All the brain endocrine secretory areas.

Front 47

Examples of CVO's: (7)

Back 47

Pineal Gland, Subcommissural ORgan, Area Postrema
Subfornical Organ, Organum Vasculosum, Neurohypophysis, median emminance