Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What pigment is found in rods?
|
Rhodopsin
Rods mediate light perception |
|
What pigment is found in cones?
|
Iodopsin
Cones mediate color perception |
|
What muscles open the eyelid?
|
Levator palpebrae (CN III)
Muller's muscle (sympathetics) |
|
What muscles close the eyelid?
|
Orbicularis oculi (CN VII)
|
|
What is the function of the lateral rectus?
|
Abduction
|
|
What is the function of the medial rectus?
|
Adduction
|
|
What is the function of the superior rectus?
|
Elevation when abducted (out).
Intorsion when adducted (in). |
|
What is the function of the inferior rectus?
|
Depression when abducted (out).
Extorsion when adducted (in). |
|
What is the function of the superior oblique?
|
Depression when adducted (in).
Intorsion when abducted (out). |
|
What is the function of the inferior oblique?
|
Elevation when adducted (in).
Extorsion when abducted (out). |
|
What is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve?
|
1. Superior rectus
2. Levator palpebrae |
|
What is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve?
|
1. Medial rectus
2. Inferior rectus 3. Inferior oblique |
|
What is innervated by the trochlear nerve?
|
Superior oblique
|
|
What is innervated by the abducens nerve?
|
Lateral rectus
|
|
What are the subnuclei of the the oculomotor nucleus?
|
1. Dorsal --> inferior rectus
2. Intermediate --> inferior oblique 3. Ventral --> medial rectus 4. Medial --> superior rectus (contralateral) 5. Edinger-Westphal --> parasympathetics (bilateral) 6. Central caudal --> levator palpebrae (bilateral) |
|
How do you remember compensatory head movements for ophthalomoparesis?
|
Head moves in the direction of action normally served by the affected muscle.
|
|
Which is the "false image" in diplopia?
|
The image farther toward the direction of gaze is seen by the abnormal eye (ie the outer image).
|
|
How can you differentiate anisocoria from Horner's syndrome vs. CNIII lesions?
|
In dark room room, sympathetic lesions (Horner's) are worse.
In ambient light, oculomotor lesions are worse. |
|
What is the course of the sympathetic pathway in pupillary dilation?
|
1st order: Hypothalamus --> lateral brainstem and spinal cord
2nd order: T1,2 roots --> sympathetic chain 3rd order: superior cerv ganglion --> carotid plexus --> pupillary dilator muscle |
|
What are pharmacologic causes of miosis?
|
Cholinergics (pilocarpine, physostigmine, organophosphates)
Opiates, barbiturates |
|
What are pharmacologic causes of mydriasis?
|
Anticholinergics (atropine, scopolamine, atrovent nebs)
Adrenergics (epinephrine, cocaine, albuterol nebs) |