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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is located b/w the optic chiasm and the mamillary bodies?
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tuber cinereum
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what is the median eminence?
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region where hypothalamic neurons release regulating factors that are carried by the hypophysial portal veins to the anterior pituitary
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what is the diaphragma sella?
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the dura covering the superior portion of the pituitary fossa
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what is the embryological origin of the anterior pituitary?
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Rathke's pouch
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what is the embryological origin of the posterior pituitary?
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prosencephalon (diencephalon)
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which nucleus lies closest to the 3rd ventricle?
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periventricular nucleus
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which hypothalamic nucleus is most anterior?
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medial preoptic nucleus
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which nucleus is the master clock for circadian rhythms?
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suprachiasmatic nucleus
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what is the function of the amygdala?
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it sends inputs that control autonomic function to the hypothalamus
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what will a lesion to the lateral hypothalamus cause?
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weight loss (lateral - loss) b/c the lateral hypothalamus controls appetite
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what will a lesion to the medial hypothalamus cause?
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weight gain b/c the medial hypothalamus (ventromedial nucleus) is important in inhibiting appetite
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which receptor does leptin bind to?
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Ob receptor in the hypothalamus
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what do lesions of the anterior hypothalamus cause?
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hyperthermia b/c the anterior hypothalamus activates mechanisms of heat dissipation
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what do lesions to the posterior hypothalamus cause?
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poikilothermia (body temp. varies with the environment)
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what is the blood supply to the pituitary?
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superior and inferior hypophysial arteries (branches of internal carotid)
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what is the most commonly secreted hormone in pituitary adenomas?
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prolactin
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what is the presentation of a prolactin-scecreting adenoma?
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amenorrhea (women), hypogonadism (men), galactorrhea, infertility, hair loss, decreased libido, and weight gain
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what is the diagnosis if the dexamethasone suppression test does not suppress cortisol production?
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ectopic ACTH-secreting tumor or adrenal tumor
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what is the diagnosis if administration of CRH excessively elevates plasma ACTH and cortisol?
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pituitary adenoma
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how do the anterior pituitary hormones reach the systemic circulation?
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the anterior pituitary hormones are picked up by the secondary capillary plexus, drains into the cavernous sinus and then the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses and finally into the internal jugular v.
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what do LH or FSH-secreting adenomas cause?
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hypogonadism and infertility
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will a posterior pituitary lesion cause Diabetes Insipidus?
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lesions of the posterior pituitary do not cause DI unless the lesion is high enough in the pituitary stalk to cause retrograde degeneration of neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
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what is SIADH?
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excess ADH causes hyponatremia and high urine osmolality
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what are the symptoms of severe hyponatremia?
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lethargy, coma, or seizures
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what is pituitary apoplexy?
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when pituitary tumors undergo spontaneous hemorrhage
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