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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the two subdivisions of the nervous system? |
Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System |
1) C 2) P |
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What is the CNS made up of? |
Brain and spinal cord |
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Where is the peripheral nervous system? |
Rest of the body (excluding brain and spinal cord) |
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Do afferent nerve pathways travel towards or away from the CNS? |
Towards the CNS |
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Motor neurons travelling away from the CNS are on what pathway? |
Efferent |
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Neural tissue consists of two types of cells. What are they? |
Neurons and Neuroglia |
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Organise these terms into the correct order of information flow: Cell Body, Axon, Dendrites, Axon Hillock, Axon Terminals |
Dendrites, Cell Body, Axon Hillock, Axon, Axon Terminals |
Starts at dendrites |
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What are the two types of motor neurons? |
Somatic and Autonomic |
Voluntary and Involuntary |
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Where are interneurons located and what do they do? |
In the brain and spinal cord, coordinate motor activity |
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At resting membrane potential, is the cell more negatively charged on the outside or the inside of the cell? |
Negatively charged on outside of cell (ECF), positively charged on inside of cell (ICF) |
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How many Na+ and K+ ions cross the neuron membrane during depolarisation? |
3 Na+ goes out 2 K+ goes in |
3 and 2, but which is which? |
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At resting membrane potential, is the cell more negatively charged on the outside or the inside of the cell? |
Negatively charged on outside of cell (ECF), positively charged on inside of cell (ICF) |
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How many Na+ and K+ ions cross the neuron membrane during depolarisation? |
3 Na+ goes out 2 K+ goes in |
3 and 2, but which is which? |
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Action potential will not appear unless membrane depolarisation reaches a threshold of what voltage? |
+30/+40 mV |
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At resting membrane potential, is the cell more negatively charged on the outside or the inside of the cell? |
Negatively charged on outside of cell (ECF), positively charged on inside of cell (ICF) |
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How many Na+ and K+ ions cross the neuron membrane during depolarisation? |
3 Na+ goes out 2 K+ goes in |
3 and 2, but which is which? |
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Action potential will not appear unless membrane depolarisation reaches a threshold of what voltage? |
+30/+40 mV |
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A stimulus either triggers an action or none at all; what is it called when depolarisation occurs but doesn’t reach the action potential threshold? |
Graded potential |
E.g voltage of +10/+20mV |
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What is the synaptic cleft? |
The narrow space of fluid between cell membranes of nerves |
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In order for Na+ and K+ ions to cross the synaptic cleft, what chemical needs to open the gated ion channels? |
Calcium |
Need me for strong bones |
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Information travels from the end of one neuron (synapse) to the beginning of another (dendrite) by transforming from one type of energy to another and back again. What kind of energy are they? |
Electrical > Chemical > Electrical |
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What voltage is resting potential? |
-70mV |
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What are neurotransmitters? |
Chemicals that are released from the synaptic terminal into the synaptic cleft |
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The brain has six major regions: Cerebrum, Dienchephalon, Pons, Medulla oblongata, Cerebellum, Midbrain. What is a function of each of these regions? |
Cerebrum: thinking, determines intelligence and personality Diencephalon: controls homeostasis, endocrine control, Pons: arousal control, sleep Medulla oblongata: autonomic functions, breathing, digesting, swallowing, sneezing Cerebellum: balance, fine motor control Midbrain: auditory and visual responses |
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Where is white matter found? |
Cerebrum and Cerebellum |
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Where is grey matter found? |
Cerebral hemisphere |
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What are the five classifications of sensory receptors and their explanations? |
Mechanoreceptors - response to mechanical forces such as touch, pressure, stretch. Determines movement in proprioceptors in joints and muscles Thermoreceptors - responds to change in temperature. Widens blood vessels when get too hot Photoreceptors - responds to change in light, iris constricting Chemoreceptors - responds to chemical changes, eg smell, taste, blood pH Nocireceptors - overstimulation of any receptor resulting in pain |
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Name the three locations of receptors and what they respond to/do Hint: 1) Ex... 2) In... 3) Pr... |
1) Exteroreceptors - respond to stimuli outside the body, most are near the body’s surface 2) Interoreceptors - respond to stimuli inside the body 3) Proprioreceptors - occur in muscles, joints, and ligaments. Advise our brain of our movements |
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What are two types of neurotransmitters? |
Inhibitory and Excitatory |
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Botox and serotonin are examples of what type of neurotransmitter? |
Inhibitory neurotransmitter |
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Botox and serotonin are examples of what type of neurotransmitter? |
Inhibitory neurotransmitter |
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Epinephrine and Acetylcholine are examples of what type of neurotransmitter? |
Excitatory neurotransmitter |
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How many pairs of spinal nerves are in each region of the vertebral column? |
C1-C8 T1-T12 L1-L5 S1-S5 |
C1-...., T1-... |
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The spinal cord can intercept the brain and decide that the body will move. What kind of movement is this? |
A reflex |
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The spinal cord can intercept the brain and decide that the body will move. What kind of movement is this? |
A reflex |
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