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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are stimuli
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changes that occur in the environment
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where do stimuli occur
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inside and outside of the body
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what is sensory input
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info about the change/stimuli sent to CNS
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what is intergration
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process and interpertation of sensory input, and the decision of what should happen
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who carries out integration
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CHS
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what is motor output
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the reaction the activation of muscles or glands by the cns
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what are effectors
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muscles or glands
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what does the cns consist of
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brain and spinal cord
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what does the cns do
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integration command center of the nervous system
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what is the pns
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the nervous system outside the cns
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what does the pns consist of
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nerves that extend from brain or spinal
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what are the 2 types of pns nerves
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cranial nerves and spinal nerves
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what does the sensory division of the pns do
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convey impulses to the cns from the receptors
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moter division of pns is also called
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efferent
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what does efferent fiber do
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carries impulses from the cns to the efector organs muscles and glands to activate them
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what does the somatic nervous system of the motor division of the pns do
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concious control over skeletal muscles
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what does the autonomic nervous sytem do
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regulates involuntary muscles for "automatic" events. cardiac and smooth
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what are neuroglia
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supporting cells of the nervous system
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what do neuroglia also get called
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nerve glue, clusters
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what are the 6 types of neuroglia
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astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oligendrocytes, schawnn cells and satellite cells
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what are astrocytes
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star shaped cells tha tmake up half of the neural tissues.
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what do astrocytes do 3 things
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brace, support neurons
filter nutrient supply to neurons, regulate chemical environment |
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what are microglia
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spiderlike phagocytes that dispose of debris and pathogens
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what are ependymal cells located at
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line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord,
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what do ependymal cells do
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cilia circulate cerebrospinal fluid
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what do oligodendrocytes do
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wrap extensions around nerve fibers to produce meylin sheath
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what do schwann cells form
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meylin sheath around nerve fibers found in pns
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satelite cells
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protective cushioning cells around neuronal cell bodies
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what are neurons
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transmitters of messages from one part to another
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what do neurons consist of
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cell body and processes/fibers
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what is the cell body of a neuron
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metabolic center of neuron
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what are dendrites
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neuron processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body
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what are axons
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neuron processes that generate nerve impulses away from the cell body
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what are neurotransmitters
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chemicals that relay signals from one neuron to another
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what is a synaptic cleft
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small fluid filled space between one neuron and another
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what is a synapse
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junction between one neuron and another
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what are neurotransmitters
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chemicals that relay signals from one neuron to another
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what is a meylin sheath
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fatty wrapping that protects and insulates fibers
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what is a synaptic cleft
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small fluid filled space between one neuron and another
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what does myelin sheath do
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increases the transmission rate of nerve impulses
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what is a synapse
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junction between one neuron and another
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which cells myelinate in the PNS
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SCHWANN
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what is a meylin sheath
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fatty wrapping that protects and insulates fibers
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which cells myelinate in the cns
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ogilodendrocytes
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what does myelin sheath do
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increases the transmission rate of nerve impulses
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neurilemma
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cytoplasm and nucleus of schann cells
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which cells myelinate in the PNS
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SCHWANN
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what are the nodes of ranvier
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gaps inbetween the schwann cells
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which cells myelinate in the cns
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ogilodendrocytes
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what is salutatory conduction
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where impulses jump from node to node
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neurilemma
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cytoplasm and nucleus of schann cells
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what are the nodes of ranvier
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gaps inbetween the schwann cells
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what is salutatory conduction
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where impulses jump from node to node
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what are neurotransmitters
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chemicals that relay signals from one neuron to another
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what is a synaptic cleft
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small fluid filled space between one neuron and another
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what is a synapse
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junction between one neuron and another
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what is a meylin sheath
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fatty wrapping that protects and insulates fibers
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what does myelin sheath do
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increases the transmission rate of nerve impulses
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which cells myelinate in the PNS
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SCHWANN
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which cells myelinate in the cns
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ogilodendrocytes
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neurilemma
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cytoplasm and nucleus of schann cells
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what are the nodes of ranvier
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gaps inbetween the schwann cells
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what is salutatory conduction
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where impulses jump from node to node
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what are ganglia
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clusters of neurons
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where are ganglia located
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pns
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what are tracts
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bundles of nerve fibers
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where are tracts located
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in the cns
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what are nerves
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bundles of nerve fibers
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where are nerves located
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in the pns
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what is white matter
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myelinated tracts
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what does white matter do
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relay information
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what is gray matter
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unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies
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what does gray matter do
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process the info
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where is gray matter located
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cns
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what are sensory/afferent neurons
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neurons that carry impulses from the receptor to cns.
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what do sensory/afferent neurons do
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keep brain informed of environment
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what are afferent neurons
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neurons that carry impulses away from the receptor to the cns
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where are afferent neurons always located
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PNS
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SENSORY
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afferent
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afferent
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sensory
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motor
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efferent
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efferent
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motor
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what are efferent neurons
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neurons that carry impulses from the cns to viscera, musles, or glands
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where are motor neurons located at
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always in the cns
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association neurons
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interneurons
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interneurons
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association neurons
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what are interneurons
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connect with motor or sensory neurons
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where do association neurons connect to the others
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neural pathways
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where are interneurons located
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cns
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what is a multipolar neuron
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neuron with several processes.
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what is the most abundant neuron
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multipolar
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what does a multipolar neuron consist of
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dendrites and one axon
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what does a bipolar neuron consist of
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one dendrite, one axon
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where can you find bipolar neurons
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special senses, organ receptor cells
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what does a unipolar neuron consist of
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single process, one axon
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what are the twop functional properties of the neuron
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irritability and conduction
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what is irritability
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ability to respond to stimuli and turn it into a nerve impulse
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what is conductivity
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ability to transmit that impulse to othor neurons muscles or glands
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what is a polarized membrane have
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more positive sodium on the outside than positive potassium on the inside
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what is depolarization
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when the sodium rushes into the membrane after stimulus that changes the polarity
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what is action potential
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long distance signal
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what does an action potential do
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travels all the was across an axon once it is initiated
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repolarization
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outflow of positive potasium ions that restores electrical conditions at the membrane
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what is a reflex
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rapid predictable involuntary response to stimuli
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what is a reflex arc
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the neural pathway in which reflexes occur
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what does the reflex involve
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cns and pns
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what does a reflex involve 5 things
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PNS;
sensory receptor, effector organ, sensory and motor neurons, CNS integration center |
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what are somatic reflexes
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reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscle like touching a hot object
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what does an autonomic reflex do
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regulates the activity of smooth muscles heat and glands
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