Nervous System

Front 1

Afferent nerves

Back 1

Sensory nerves that link Sensory receptors with the central nervous system and transmit Sensory information

Front 2

Ascending tracts

Back 2

Tracts in the spinal cord that carry sensory information to the brain

Front 3

Axon

Back 3

A single elongated projection from a nerve cells body that transmits impulses away from the cell body

Front 4

Axon collaterals

Back 4

Branches of an axon that allows communication among several neurons

Front 5

Brain

Back 5

The largest and most complex unit of the nervous system; the brain is responsible for perception, sensation, emotion,intellect, and action

Front 6

Brainstem

Back 6

The inferior, primitive portion of the brain that contains centers for vital functions and reflex actions, such as vomiting, coughing, sneezing, posture and basic movement patterns

Front 7

Central nervous system

Back 7

The brain spinal cord and their coverings

Front 8

Cerebellum

Back 8

The second largest part of the brain; the cerebellum is involved with balance, posture, coordination, and movement

Front 9

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 9

A clear, colorless fluid that follows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord, cushioning and protecting these structures and maintaining proper pH balance

Front 10

Cerebrum

Back 10

The largest of the brain divisions; the cerebrum consists of two hemispheres that occupy the uppermost region of the cranium. The cerebrum receives, interprets, and associates incoming Info. With past memories and the transmits the appropriate motor response

Front 11

Cranial nerves

Back 11

Twelve pairs of nerves that originally ate from the olfactory bulbs, thalamus, visual cortex, and brainstem. They transmit information to and from the sensory organs of the face and muscles of the face, neck and upper shoulders, as well as organs of the thorax and abdomen.

Front 12

Dendrites

Back 12

Branching projections from the nerve cells body that carry signals to the cell body

Front 13

Dermatome

Back 13

A cutaneous section supplied by a single spinal nerve

Front 14

Dorsal root

Back 14

Also called the posterior root. Posterior attachment of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord. Transmits sensory information. Into the spinal cord

Front 15

Efferent nerves

Back 15

Motor nerves that transmits motor impulses; they link the central nervous system to the effectors outside it

Front 16

Free nerve endings

Back 16

Sensory receptors that detect itch and tickle sensations

Front 17

Grey matter

Back 17

Unmyelinated nervous tissue in the central nervous system

Front 18

Hypothalamus

Back 18

Regulates and coordinates functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, aspects of digestion, appetite and satiety, pleasure, temperature and general coordination of ANS functions. Closely associated with the limbic system, an important link between the nervous and endocrine system; allows the mind to affect the body.

Hint 18

Front 19

Limbic system

Back 19

Attention, motivation, emotions, and long-term memory

Hint 19

Located in the cerebrum

Front 20

Mechanoreceptors

Back 20

Sensory receptors that detect changes in pressure, movement, temperature, or other mechanical forces

Front 21

Meissner's corpuscles

Back 21

Touch receptors found in hairless portions of the skin, mainly on the palms, finger tips, and soles of feet, and on the eye lids,lips, tongue, and genitals.

Hint 21

Hairless areas

Front 22

Membrane potential

Back 22

When A nerve impulses could potentially be generated is created by a different concentration of ions in the fluid inside and outside of the neuron.

Front 23

Merkel's discs

Back 23

A type of mechanoreceptor and can be found in hairless portions of skin. They function in discriminative touch

Front 24

Mixed nerves

Back 24

Nerves that contain sensory and motor axons

Front 25

Myelin

Back 25

A white fatty, insulation substance formed by the Schwan's cells that surrounds some axons. Also produced in the central nervous system by oigodendrocytes

Front 26

Myotome

Back 26

A skeletal muscle group of skeletal muscles that receives motor axons from a particular type of nerve

Front 27

Neuroglia

Back 27

Specialized Conective tissue cells that support, protect, and hold neurons together and maintain homeostasis in the nervous system

Hint 27

Nerve glue

Front 28

Neurolemma

Back 28

Also called Schwan membrane, sheath of Schwan, and endoneural membrane. The outer cell membrane of a Schwan's cell that encloses the myelin sheath found of certain peripheral nerves. Essential in the regeneration Of injured axons

Front 29

Neurons

Back 29

Nerve cells that conduct impulses

Front 30

Neurotransmitters

Back 30

Chemical compounds that generate action potentials when released into the synapses from presynaptic cells

Front 31

Parasympathetic branch

Back 31

Reverses the response of the sympathetic ANS by returning the body to a non alarm state and restoring body resources

Hint 31

Rest and digest

Front 32

Pineal body

Back 32

Gland, on the dorsal side of the diencephalon; functions as an internal biologic clock that regulates daily activities and yearly rythems

Front 33

Plexus

Back 33

A network of intertwining nerves that inner ates a particular region of the body

Front 34

Proprioceptors

Back 34

Sensory receptors that provide the body with information about position, movement, muscle tension, joint activity, and equilibrium

Front 35

Reflex

Back 35

An automatic, involuntary reaction to stimulus

Front 36

Refractory period

Back 36

The brief period after inhibition when the neuron recovers

Front 37

Resting potential

Back 37

A neuron that is not stimulated but it polarized gas a resting potential

Front 38

Reticular activating system

Back 38

A structural and functional part of the reticular formation in the brainstem. Maintains arousal levels, keeps us awake and alert; regulates respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, endocrine secretion, and conditioned reflexes.

Hint 38

The main center of motivation

Front 39

Ruffini end organs

Back 39

Will detect slow changes in the position of a joint.

Front 40

Schwann cell

Back 40

A specialized cell that forms myelin

Front 41

Somatic nervous system

Back 41

A system of nerves that keeps the body in balance with its external inviernment by transmitting impulses among the central nervous system, skeletal muscles, and skin.

Front 42

Spinal cord

Back 42

The portion of the central nervous system that exists in the skull and extends to the vertebral column. The two major functions of the spinal cord are to conduct nerve impulses and to be a center for the spinal reflexes

Front 43

Spinal nerves

Back 43

31 pairs of mixed nerves, originating in the spinal cord and emerging from the vertebral column; the are a part of the peripheral nervous system

Front 44

Sympathetic nervous system

Back 44

The part of the autonomic nervous system that provides for most of the active function of the body; when the body is under stress, the sympathetic nervous system predominates with fight-or-flight responses

Front 45

Synapses

Back 45

A space between neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ

Front 46

Temporal lobe

Back 46

Is responsible for the reception and evaluation of information involved in hearing and smell

Front 47

Thalamus

Back 47

A relay station to the cerebrum for all sensory input except smell; pain, temperature, crude touch, and reflex muscle coordination

Front 48

Thermoreceptors

Back 48

Sensory receptors that detect changes in temperature

Front 49

Ventricles

Back 49

4 fluid filled chambers found within the brain 1 in ea. Of the cerebral hemispheres, 1 just below and between then and 1 at the attachment of the cerebrum and brainstem

Front 50

White matter

Back 50

Myelinated nerve tissue in the central nervous system