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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Messages are carried as impulses. What is an impulse? |
A wave of change in behaviour of the nerve cell membrane (action potential) |
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How are action potentials coded? |
Frequency (not size) |
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What affect does myelinated axons have on transmission? |
Allows faster transmission |
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What are the 4 neuroglia of the CNS? |
Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal Oligodendrocytes |
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Astrocytes are the most common neuroglia. What do they do? |
Form a protective covering near the brain surface Form the blood-brain barrier |
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What is the role of microglia? |
Phagocytes. Immune cell of CNS |
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What is the role of ependymal cells? |
Produce and help circulate CSF |
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What are oligodendrocytes and what do they form? |
Surrounding cells for nerouns in the brain. Form myelin |
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What disease is caused by degeneration of oligodendrocytes? |
Multiple sclerosis |
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Name the 2 neuroglia of the PNS |
Schwann cells Satellite cells |
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What is the role of schwann cells and what do they form? |
Regenerate damaged neurons in PNS Form myelin sheath |
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Where would you find satellite cells? |
Surrounding cell bodies of neurons |
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What structures are part of the CNS? |
Brain Spinal cord |
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What does the PNS do? |
Carries info to and from the CNS |
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How many cervical nerves are there? |
8 (C1 - C8) |
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How many thoracic nerves are there? |
12 (T1 - T12) |
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How many lumbar nerves are there? |
5 (L1-L5) |
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How many sacral nerves are there? |
5 (S1-S5) |
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How many coccygeal nerves are there? |
1 (C0) |
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Name the 3 parts of the nervous system. |
Sensory/Afferent Motor/Efferent Integration |
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What signals does the sensory part of the nervous system carry? |
Signals from receptors to CNS |
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What signals does the motor part of the nervous system carry? |
Signals from CNS to muscles/glands |
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What does the integration part of the nervous system do? |
Receives, modifies and acts on info |
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The motor branch of the nervous system is split into 2 parts, somatic branch and autonomic branch. What do these branches do? |
Somatic branch sends signals from CNS to muscles to cause contraction. Autonomic branch sends signals from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands. |
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The autonomic branch can also be split into 2 parts. What are they? |
Sympathetic Parasympathetic |
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What is the sympathetic nervous system? |
Fight or flight response. Increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, redirection of blood to muscles etc. |
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What is the parasympathetic nervous system? |
Rest and digest. Induces changes to restore resting state. |
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Cranial Nerve 1 - Olfactory Nerve |
Smell Sensory |
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Cranial Nerve 2 - Optic Nerve |
Vision Sensory |
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Cranial Nerve 3 - Oculomotor Nerve |
4 out of 6 eye muscles
Motor + Parasympathetic |
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Cranial Nerve 4 - Trochlear Nerve |
1 out of 6 eye muscles (down) Motor |
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Cranial Nerve 5 - Trigeminal Nerve |
Chewing Motor + Sensory |
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Cranial Nerve 6 - Abducens Nerve |
1 out of 6 eye muscles (lateral) Motor |
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Cranial Nerve 7 - Facial Nerve |
Taste Facial expressions Salivary glands
Motor, Sensory + Parasympathetic |
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Cranial Nerve 8 - Vestibulocochlear Nerve |
Hearing Balance Sensory |
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Cranial Nerve 9 - Glossopharyngeal Nerve |
Taste Swallowing Tongue glands Sensory, Motor + Parasympathetic |
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Cranial Nerve 10 - Vagus Nerve |
Taste Voice Heart rate Breathing Digestion Sensory, Motor + Parasympathetic |
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Cranial Nerve 11 - Accessory Nerve |
Head Position Motor |
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Cranial Nerve 12 - Hypoglossal Nerve |
Tongue shape + position Motor |
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Basal nuclei are found in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain. What is their role? |
To regulate cognition, movement and coordination |
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What disease is a result of damaged basal nuclei? |
Parkinson's Disease |
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Name the 3 parts of the diencephalon. |
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus |
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What is the role of the thalamus? |
Sort and edit information |
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What is the role of the hypothalamus? |
Autonomic control centre, emotional response centre and endocrine control |
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What is the role of the epithalamus? |
Secrete melatonin for mood and sleep-waking cycle |
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The brain stem looks after all basic body functions. What are the 3 parts of the brain stem? |
Mid Brain Pons Medulla Oblongata |
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What is the mid brain responsible for? |
Pain and pain suppression Head and eye coordination |
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What important centre is present in the pons and what does it do? |
Pneumotaxic centre Maintains normal breathing |
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What major centres are present in the medulla oblongata? |
Cardiovascular + Respiratory Centres |
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Cerebrospinal tissue fluid (CSF) is continually secreted and absorbed. What is the purpose of CSF? |
Gives buoyancy to organs Protects the brain and spinal cord from trauma |
