Nervous System: Chapter 9

Front 1

Cranial Nerve 1: I

Back 1

Olfactory

(Sensory)

Smell

Front 2

Cranial Nerve 2: II

Back 2

Optic

(Sensory)

Sight

Front 3

Cranial Nerve 3: III

Back 3

Oculomotor

(Motor)

eye movement

Front 4

Cranial Nerve 4: IV

Back 4

Trochlear

(Motor)

eye movement (down)

Front 5

Cranial Nerve 5 : V

Back 5

Trigeminal

(Both)

chewing muscles and pain sensations. TRI

Front 6

Cranial Nerve 6: VI

Back 6

Abducent

(Motor)

eye movement. abducts

6 ABS

Front 7

Cranial Nerve 7 VII

Back 7

Facial

(Both)

facial movements, facial drop.

taste.

(7 things on face)

Front 8

Cranial Nerve 8: VIII

Back 8

Vestibulocochlear

(Sensory)

hearing and balance

(8 canes old man with hearing aid)

Front 9

,

Cranial Nerve 9: IX

Back 9

Glossopharyngeal

(Both)

taste and pain and tongue muscles.

9 minutes to say

Front 10

Cranial Nerve 10: X

Back 10

Vagus

(Both)
longest nerve in the body; connects the brain with organs and tissues from the head to the digestive tract.
heart and glands

vagus = anus = GI

Front 11

Cranial Nerve 11: XI

Back 11

Spinal Accessory

(Motor)

trapezious. 11? shrug.

Front 12

Cranial Nerve 12: XII

Back 12

Hypoglossal

(Motor)

tongue movement
12th ice cream cone.

Front 13

Arachnoid:

Back 13

Middle layer of the meninges

Front 14

Brainstem:

Back 14

Most primitive section of the brain, responsible for subconscious functions such as cardiac and respiratory functions, swallowing, and blood pressure.

Front 15

Central nervous system:

Back 15

Brain and spinal cord

Front 16

Cerebellum:

Back 16

Section of the brain responsible for coordinated movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes

Front 17

Cerebrum:

Back 17

Section of the brain responsible for learning,intelligence, and awareness

Front 18

Corpus callosum:

Back 18

Structure in the brain composed of nerve fibers that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Front 19

Cranial nerves:

Back 19

Nerves that originate directly from the brain.

Front 20

Diencephalon:

Back 20

Section of the brain that is a passageway between the brain stem and cerebrum.

Front 21

Dorsal horn of spinal cord:

Back 21

Portion of the gray matter of the spinal cord that conducts sensory impulses up to the brain.

Front 22

Dura mater:

Back 22

Outer fibrous layer of the meninges

Front 23

Femoral nerve:

Back 23

Nerve found on medial surface of thigh near the femoral artery and vein.

Front 24

Gray matter:

Back 24

Area of the central nervous system made up primarily of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinatednerve fibers; appears brownish-gray grossly.

Front 25

Gyrus:

Back 25

Fold in the cerebrum or cerebellum.

Front 26

Hypothalamus:

Back 26

Portion of diencephalon that links the brain with the pituitary gland.

Homeostasis

Front 27

Median nerve:

Back 27

Middle of the three major branches of the brachial plexus.

Front 28

Meninges:

Back 28

Connective tissue layers that cover the brain and spinal cord

Front 29

Mixed nerve:

Back 29

Nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers.

Front 30

Motor nerves:

Back 30

Nerves that carry messages away from the brain to the rest of the body; efferent nerves.

Front 31

Neuron:

Back 31

Nerve cell; basic functional unit of the nervous system.

Front 32

Peripheral nervous system:

Back 32

Portion of the nervous system made up of cordlike nerves that are bundles of nerve fibers that link the central nervous system with the rest of the body.

cord-like “nerves: (bundles of axons) outside the central nervous system

1. Cranial nerves – come directly off the brain
2. Spinal nerves – come off the spinal cord

Front 33

Pia mater:

Back 33

Inner layer of the meninges that closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord.

Front 34

Radial nerve:

Back 34

Largest and most cranial of the three major branches of the brachial plexus; found between the triceps muscle and the humerus

Front 35

Sciatic nerve:

Back 35

Large nerve found on the lateral side of the hind leg beneath the biceps femoris muscle; must be avoided when administering intramuscular injections.

Front 36

Sensory nerves:

Back 36

Nerves that carry messages to the brain;afferent nerves.

Front 37

Spinal cord:

Back 37

Caudal continuation of the brain stem outside the skull that continues down the spinal canal formed by the vertebrae of the spine; conducts sensory information and motor instructions between the brain and the periphery of the body.

Front 38

Spinal nerves:

Back 38

Nerves that originate from the spinal cord.

Front 39

Sulcus:

Back 39

Shallow fissure that separates gyri

Front 40

Thalamus:

Back 40

Part of diencephalon that acts as a relay station for regulating sensory impulses to the cerebrum.

Front 41

Ulnar nerve:

Back 41

Most caudal of the three major branches of the brachial plexus; easily found near the olecranon.

Front 42

Ventral horn of spinal cord:

Back 42

Portion of the gray matter of the spinal cord that conducts motor impulses downward from the brain.

Front 43

White matter:

Back 43

Collection of nerve fibers in the central nervous system that is surrounded by myelin, making it appear white grossly

Front 44

Dendrites –

Back 44

process: multiple and conducts impulses toward the cell body

Front 45

Axons –

Back 45

process: single and conduct impulses away from the cell body

Front 46

Myelin sheath –

Back 46

acts like “insulation” around an axon to increase the efficiency of nerve impulse conduction

Front 47

Glial cells –

Back 47

supporting cells in the central nervous system

Front 48

Afferent

Back 48

sensory. impulses conducted to the CNS

Front 49

Efferent

Back 49

motor. impulses conducted away from CNS

Front 50

Resting State –

Back 50

when neuron is not being stimulated
1. Polarization and resting membrane potential – the cell membrane is polarized at rest
2. Sodium-potassium pump – pump sodium and potassium ions to the interior and exterior of the cell membrane to establish the polarized resting membrane potential

Front 51

Depolarization –

Back 51

the “firing” of a neuron
1. Sodium channels open – sodium ions flow into cell

Front 52

Repolarization –

Back 52

begins a fraction of a second after depolarization
1. Potassium channels open – potassium ions flow out of cell
2. Sodium-potassium pump moves the ions back to their original resting state positions

Front 53

Depolarization Threshold

Back 53

1. The minimum stimulus necessary to produce a nerve impulse

Front 54

Refractory Period

Back 54

1. The period of recovery when the sodium-potassium pumps in the neuron cell membrane reestablish the resting membrane potential immediately after a nerve impulse. The neuron is resistant to firing again until this is complete.

Front 55

Brain pic

Back 55