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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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external stimuli
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a signal from outside the the body that generates nervous system activity
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internal stimuli
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a signal from inside the body that generates nervous system actiivity
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neuron
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a nerve cell that receives, interprets, and transmits messages
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neuroglia
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supportive nerve cells that help maintain the health of the a neuron
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parts of a neuron
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dendrites
cell body axon terminus |
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soma
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another name for the cell body
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dendrites
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extensions from the cell body that carry messages from other cells to the cell body
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cell body
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the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus
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axon
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an extension from the cell body that carries messages away from the cell body
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terminus
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the end of the axon
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axon hillock
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the part of the cell body where the axon extends from
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collaterals
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branches of the axon
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neurotransmitter
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a chemical that helps a message cross the synapse
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synapse
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the space between two neurons
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presynaptic neuron
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the neuron in front of the synapse
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postsynaptic neuron
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the neuron after the synapse
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sensory neurons
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take messages to the CNS
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afferent neurons
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same as a sensory neuron - carries messages to CNS
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interneurons
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take messages from one neuron to another
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motor neurons
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take messages from CNS to muscles and glands
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efferent neurons
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same as a motor neuron - takes messages from CNS to muscles and glands
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CNS
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brain and spinal cord
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oligodendrocytes
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neuroglia that are found inside the brain and spinal cord - they wrap around the axon and make up the myelin sheath
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Schwann cells
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neuroglia that are found outside the brain and spinal cord - wrap around the axon and make up the myelin sheath
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Nodes of Ranvier
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gaps along the the myelin sheath that help transmit messages
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myelin sheath
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insulate the axon and help transmit messages
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polarization
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resting nerve cell
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depolarization
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nerve cell that is transmitting message ( similar to contraction)
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repolarization
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nerve cell returning to resting state
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nueral pathways
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type of neuron communications
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reflex
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an involuntary response to a stimulus
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5 parts of the reflex arc
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affector
sensory neuron CNS motor neuron effector (muscle or gland) |
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spinal cord reflex
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a reflex that involves the spinal cord and not the brain
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stretch reflex
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a muscle that is stretched will automatically contract
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flexor reflex - aka withdrawal reflex
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when touching something that is painful or harmful the body part pulls away
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types of neural pathways
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axodendritic synapse
axosomatic synapse axoaxonic synapse |
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axodendritic synapse
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an axon of one neuron that meets with the dendrite of another
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axosomatic dendrite
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an axon of one neuron that meets with the cell body of another neuron
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axoaxonic synapse
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an axon of one neuron that meets with the axon of another neuron
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