Nervous System

Front 1

Central Nervous System

Back 1

CNS - brain and spinal chord

Front 2

Cerebrum

Back 2

Part of brain, motor control, sensory

Front 3

Diencephalon

Back 3

part of brain - thalamus and hypothalamus

Front 4

Thalamus

Back 4

interprets sensations, like temperature and pain

Front 5

Hypothalamus

Back 5

regulated homeostatic functions (body temp, fluid balance, thirst, urine output, food intake, emotion, and behavioral patterns)

Front 6

Brain Stem

Back 6

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Front 7

Midbrain

Back 7

in brainstem

connecting link

Front 8

Pons

Back 8

in brainstem

contains respiratory centers

Lilys help ponds respirate

Front 9

Medulla oblongata

Back 9

in brainstem

nerve fibers cross left to right and in reverse

influences resp rate, heart rate, vomiting, sneezing, and coughing

Waterboy - brings water to players to maintain normal body processes

Front 10

RAS - Reticular activating system

Back 10

in brainstem, responsible for sleep/wake cycles

Front 11

Cerebellum

Back 11

coordination and balance

BELL = coodinated ballerina

Front 12

Spinal cord

Back 12

Runs through vertebral foramen

Outer: white nerve fibers
Inner: gray neuron body cells

Protected by bone and meninges

Front 13

Afferent

Back 13

Sensory nerve impulses

Periphery -----> Brain

A=absorbed by the brain

Front 14

Efferent

Back 14

Motor nerve impulses

Brain --------> Periphery

E=Eject from the brain to the body

Front 15

Dura Mater

Back 15

outer layer of meninges, dense fibrous connective tissue

Front 16

Arachnoid (arachnoidea) mater

Back 16

Middle layer consisting of very delicate and elastic connective tissue

Front 17

Pia Mater

Back 17

transparent, delicate connective tissue that contains tiny blood vessels and adheres to surface of brain and spinal cord

Front 18

epidural space

Back 18

between bone and dura mater, loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and fat

Front 19

subarachnoid space

Back 19

contains cerebrospinal fluid and large blood vessels

Front 20

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Back 20

colorless, watery fluid, contains protein, glucose, ions etc.

Cushions and nourishes the brain

Lumbar tap or CSF tap to sample

Front 21

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 21

all nerve processes connecting to the CNS

Front 22

Somatic Division

Back 22

Voluntary movements

(Efferent or motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle)

Front 23

Autonomic Division

Back 23

All involuntary functions

(Efferent neurons carry impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, glands and heart)

Sympathetic vs parasymphathetic

Front 24

Sympathetic

Back 24

FIGHT or FLIGHT response (Inc. Heart rate, respiration rate and blood flow)

Sympathetic towards others, adrenaline kicks in to save the day

Front 25

Parasympathetic

Back 25

Quiet activities : digestion, heart rate and return body to normal levels after sympathetic

a Pair of people : couples stay in and calm at home

Front 26

Neuron

Back 26

Nerve Cell

Dendrites --> cell body --> axon

Front 27

Nerve Impulse

Back 27

Generated by action potentials, travel in 1 direction

Front 28

Saltatory conduction

Back 28

Myelinated (insulative covering) nerve fibers transmit faster than nonmyelinated nerve fibers

myelin = insulative covering for nerve cells
interrupted at nodes of Ranvier

Front 29

Neuroglial cells (glial)

Back 29

Connective tissue cells within CNS and PNS, do not transmit impulses but support and protect

Front 30

Astrocytes

Back 30

CNS Glial cells - star shaped, most abundant, support nervous tissue, stimulate formation of blood brain barrier

Astro = Many stars in the brain

Front 31

Oligodendrocyte

Back 31

CNS Glial cells - smaller, wrap around axons to form myelin in CNS

Front 32

Microglia

Back 32

CNS Glial cells - phagocytic cells

Front 33

Ependymal

Back 33

CNS Glial cells - ciliated, which helps circulate CNS

Front 34

Schwann cells

Back 34

PNS Glial cells - wrap around axons to form myelin in peripheral nerves

Front 35

Satellite cells

Back 35

PNS Glial cells - surround cell bodies but function unknown

Front 36

Reflexes

Back 36

automatic response to stimulus

Impulse transmitted along sensory neuron to spinal chord and synapses with interneuron (3-head neuron reflex) or motor (2-head neuron reflex)

Impulse induces effector organ to respond

ex: stretch, withdrawal, corneal and papillary light reflexes