Neonatology

Front 1

Meconium Aspiration

Back 1

Tachypnea, grunting, retractions, cyanosis within the 1st hour of life

Front 2

Meconium Aspiration

Back 2

Prominent chest expansion

Front 3

Meconium Aspiration

Back 3

May be active or depressed and need resuscitation

Front 4

Meconium Aspiration

Back 4

Patchy infiltrates, bilateral coarse streaking, increased anteroposterior diameter, flattening of diaphragm

Front 5

Supportive Care

Back 5

Treatment of meconium aspiration

Front 6

Meconium Aspiration

Back 6

Improvement within 72 hours

Front 7

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn

Back 7

Ill at birth or within 12 h

Front 8

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn

Back 8

Tachypnea, cyanosis, grunting, flaring, retractions, tachycardia, shock

Front 9

PaO2 gradient & O2 Sat

Back 9

Adjunct in diagnosis of PPHN

Front 10

Improve oxygenation, employ gentle ventilation

Back 10

Treatment of PPHN

Front 11

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Back 11

Communication between abdominal and thoracic cavities with or without abdominal contents in thorax

Front 12

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Back 12

Associated with pulmonary hypoplasia

Front 13

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Back 13

Respiratory distress immediately after birth

Front 14

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Back 14

Honeymoon period of up to 48h

Front 15

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Back 15

Scaphoid abdomen, increased chest wall diameter, diminished BS

Front 16

CMV, HFOV, ECMO

Back 16

Treatment for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Front 17

Hyperinflation

Back 17

Most common cause of pneumothorax

Front 18

Extrapulmonary Air Leaks

Back 18

Maybe asymptomatic, sudden onset of respiratory distress leading to shock

Front 19

Extrapulmonary Air Leaks

Back 19

Increased AP diameter of chest, bulging IC spaces of affected side

Front 20

Extrapulmonary Air Leaks

Back 20

Clinical couse with sudden change in condition, restlessness, irritability, respiratory distress

Front 21

16th-17th week of gestation

Back 21

Kidneys may be visualized in most fetuses

Front 22

Acute Renal Failure

Back 22

Serum creatinine levels >1.5 mg/d

Front 23

Acute Renal Failure

Back 23

Oliguria <1mL/kg/hr

Front 24

Acute Renal Failure

Back 24

Elevated serum creatinine, abnormal electrolytes, prolonged half life of medications

Front 25

Acute Renal Failure

Back 25

Oliguria, hematuria, proteinuria, systemic HTN, cardiac arryhtmia, fluid overload

Front 26

Prerenal or Functional ARF

Back 26

Dehydration, hemorrhage, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, congestive heart failure, ACEi, indimethacin, amphoterecin, tilazoline

Front 27

Renal or Intrinsic ARF

Back 27

Acute tubular necrosis, renal dysplasia, polycystic kidney, renal vein thrombosis, uric acid nephropathy

Front 28

Postrenal or obstructive ARF

Back 28

Posterior urethral valve, bilateral ureteropelvic obstruction, bilateral ureterovesical obstruction, neurogenic bladder, obstructive nephrolithiasis

Front 29

Meconium Plug

Back 29

Mildest and most common cause of bowel obstruction among newborns

Front 30

Meconium Ileus

Back 30

Abdominal distension, persistent vomiting, presumptive if with similarly affected sibling, PE of doughty or cordlike masses

Front 31

Enema or laparotomy

Back 31

Treatment of Meconium Ileus

Front 32

Meconium Peritonitis

Back 32

Intestinal perforation could have occured in utero or shortly afer birth

Front 33

Meconium Peritonitis

Back 33

Abdominal distension, vomiting, no stools

Front 34

Diarrhea

Back 34

Change in requency of bowel movements and character

Front 35

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Back 35

Most common GI emergency in the neonate

Front 36

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Back 36

Characterized by varying degrees of mucosal or transmural necrosis of the intestine

Front 37

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Back 37

Immaturity, ischemia, ingestion, infection, immunologic

Front 38

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Back 38

Impaired Splancnic Blood Supply

Front 39

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Back 39

Intraluminal injury

Front 40

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Back 40

Pneumatosis intestinalis, portal vein gas, pneumoperitoneum on X-ray

Front 41

Jaundice

Back 41

Most common condition that requires medical attention in newborns

Front 42

Jaundice

Back 42

Yellow discoloration of skin and sclerae that results from accumulation of bilirubin

Front 43

Antioxidant

Back 43

Physiologic role of bilirubin

Front 44

Increase Unconjugated Bilirubin

Back 44

Increased formation and reabsorption, decreased transport, conjugation, elimination

Front 45

Increase Conjugated Bilirubin

Back 45

Decreased excretion of bilirubin mono/diglucoronide

Front 46

Direct Hyperbilirubinemia

Back 46

Low gestational age, early and prolonged exposure to TPN, lack of enteral feeding, sepsis

Front 47

Kernicterus

Back 47

Bilirubin encephalopathy

Front 48

Kernicterus

Back 48

Due to depletion of unconjugated bilirubin in basal ganglia and brainstem

Front 49

Kernicterus

Back 49

Poor suck, stupor, hypotonia, seizure

Front 50

Kernicterus

Back 50

Hypertonia of extensor muscles, opusthonus, fever

Front 51

Kernicterus

Back 51

Opisthotonus, muscle rigidity, irregulat movements, convulsions

Front 52

Kernicterus

Back 52

Movement disorders, muscle rigidity, sensory neural hearing loss

Front 53

Kernicterus

Back 53

Bilateral choreoathetosis, upward gaze, dysarthic speech

Front 54

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Back 54

Caused by transplacental passage of maternal passage of maternal antibody active against paternal rbc antigens in the infant

Front 55

Rh Incompatibility

Back 55

Mother is Rh negative sensitized by the D antigen causung formation of antibody formation against D antigen

Front 56

Rh Incompatibility

Back 56

Mild hemolysis to severe anemia with compensatory hyperplasia of erythrocyte

Front 57

Rh Incompatibility

Back 57

Pallor, cardiac decompensation, anasarca/hydrops fetalis, circulatory collapse

Front 58

ABO Incompatibility

Back 58

Most common cause of hemolytic disease in the newborn

Front 59

ABO Incompatibility

Back 59

Jaundice, coomb's test (+), hyperbilirubinemia, anemia, reticulocytosis

Front 60

Phototherapy, exchange transfusion

Back 60

Treatment for ABO incompatibility

Front 61

Polycythemia

Back 61

>65% central hematocrit

Front 62

Polycythemia

Back 62

Irritability, lethargy, tachypnea, respiratory distress, feeding problems, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, thrombocytopenia, stroke, NEC, seizures

Front 63

Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn

Back 63

Moderate decrease of Factors II, VII, IX, X normally by 48-72 hours after birth which returns by 7-10 days of age

Front 64

Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn

Back 64

PT, PTT arw prolonged with decreased levels of factors II, VII, IX and X with

Front 65

Vitamin K, FFP, Transfusion

Back 65

Treatment for Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn