Neonatal Brain & Infant Head

Front 1

The meninges of the brain comprise?

Back 1

1. Pia mater- Innermost (known as “soft mother.”

2. Arachnoid mater- middle layer [filled with CSF is between this layer and pia mater]

3. Dura Mater-outermost

Double layer membrane, known as “rough mother.” Forms strongest barrier.

Front 2

The ventricular system includes?

Back 2

Lateral ventricles: frontal horns, central body, temporal horns, occipital horns.

Front 3

What is the trigone?

Of the lateral ventricle, are they equal in size?

Back 3

The site where the body, occipital, temporal horns join together is the atrium of lateral ventricle (trigone).

Left is larger than the right.

Front 4

What are the acoustic windows to evaluating the neonatal brain?

Back 4

Anterior fontanel - most common

Posterior fontanel: Eval for any critical neonate on ECMO, clot in occipital.

Mastoid fontanel: Eval cerebellum posterior fossa.

Front 5

What are the acoustic windows to evaluating the neonatal brain?

Back 5

Anterior fontanel - most common

Posterior fontanel: Eval for any critical neonate on ECMO, clot in occipital.

Mastoid fontanel: Eval cerebellum posterior fossa.

Front 6

What is tentorium cerebelli?

Back 6

Extension of falx cerebri and separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.

Front 7

A Rare variant can occur at the formen of monro, what is this?

Back 7

Coarctation of the ventricle- cyst in coronal view at the superior and lateral ventricle often at the level of foramen of Monro (Intraventricular foramen). Eval to make sure it’s not a hemorrhage. Either dilation or subependymal cyst.

Front 8

A Rare variant can occur at the formen of monro, what is this?

Back 8

Coarctation of the ventricle- cyst in coronal view at the superior and lateral ventricle often at the level of foramen of Monro (Intraventricular foramen). Eval to make sure it’s not a hemorrhage. Either dilation or subependymal cyst.

Front 9

Production of the majority of of CSF? What also produce CSF?

Back 9

Choroid plexus.

Ventricular apendyma, intracranial subarachnoid lining, and spinal subarachnoid lining.

Front 10

A Rare variant can occur at the formen of monro, what is this?

Back 10

Coarctation of the ventricle- cyst in coronal view at the superior and lateral ventricle often at the level of foramen of Monro (Intraventricular foramen). Eval to make sure it’s not a hemorrhage. Either dilation or subependymal cyst.

Front 11

Production of the majority of of CSF? What also produce CSF?

Back 11

Choroid plexus.

Ventricular apendyma, intracranial subarachnoid lining, and spinal subarachnoid lining.

Front 12

What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

What is the largest and densest bundle of white matter?

Back 12

Corpus callosum.

Corpus callosum.

Front 13

What are the lobes of the brain?

Back 13

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal.

Front 14

This called smooth brain appearance; groove or depression on the surface of the brain separating the gyri?

Back 14

Sulcis

Front 15

This called smooth brain appearance; groove or depression on the surface of the brain separating the gyri?

Back 15

Sulcis

Front 16

Gyri and Sulcis develop the same time?

Back 16

Gyri is identified around 32 weeks. Right side more advanced.

Sulci identified around 26 weeks.

Front 17

How does the CSF flow from lateral ventricles?

Back 17

Lateral ventricles ➡️ Foramen of Monro ➡️ Third ventricle ➡️ Aqueduct of Sylvius ➡️ fourth ventricle ➡️ lateral foramen of luschka or foramen Magendie ➡️ cisterna magna and basal subarachnoid cisterns.

Front 18

Subarachnoid- who’s the largest?

Back 18

Cisterna Magna.

Front 19

Subarachnoid- who’s the largest?

Back 19

Cisterna Magna.

Front 20

Where is the MCA located?

Back 20

Sylvian Fissure

Front 21

Subarachnoid- who’s the largest?

Back 21

Cisterna Magna.

Front 22

Where is the MCA located?

Back 22

Sylvian Fissure

Front 23

Where’s the sylvian fissure located?

Back 23

Most lateral aspect of the brain

Front 24

Subarachnoid- who’s the largest?

Back 24

Cisterna Magna.

Front 25

Where is the MCA located?

Back 25

Sylvian Fissure

Front 26

Where’s the sylvian fissure located?

Back 26

Most lateral aspect of the brain

Front 27

Identify Corpus callosum parts:

Back 27

Genom, body, splenium “posterior,” rostrum.

Front 28

Subarachnoid- who’s the largest?

Back 28

Cisterna Magna.

Front 29

Where is the MCA located?

Back 29

Sylvian Fissure

Front 30

Where’s the sylvian fissure located?

Back 30

Most lateral aspect of the brain

Front 31

Identify Corpus callosum parts:

Back 31

Genom, body, splenium “posterior,” rostrum.

Front 32

Basal ganglia includes?

Back 32

Caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, claustrum, thalamus.

Front 33

Brain stem includes?

Back 33

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata.

Front 34

Cerebellum Hemispheres are connected by?

Back 34

Vermis

Front 35

Cerebrovascular system includes?

Back 35

Internal cerebral arteries, vertebral arteries, circle of Willis.

Front 36

Cerebrovascular system includes?

Back 36

Internal cerebral arteries, vertebral arteries, circle of Willis.

Front 37

Explain the functions of each lobe?

Back 37

Frontal: emotions, intellect, personality, morality, speech.

Parietal lobe: pain, temperature, spatial ability.

Occipital: vision

Temporal: auditory, olfactory

Other: judgment, memory, reasoning.

Front 38

Cerebrovascular system includes?

Back 38

Internal cerebral arteries, vertebral arteries, circle of Willis.

Front 39

Explain the functions of each lobe?

Back 39

Frontal: emotions, intellect, personality, morality, speech.

Parietal lobe: pain, temperature, spatial ability.

Occipital: vision

Temporal: auditory, olfactory

Other: judgment, memory, reasoning.

Front 40

What’s the posterior fossa below the tentorium cerebelli?

Back 40

Cerebellum.

Front 41

What’s the common site for bleeding in a full term neonate?

Back 41

Glomus

Front 42

What’s the common site for bleeding in a full term neonate?

Back 42

Glomus

Front 43

Common site for hemorrhage in preterm infant less that 34 weeks gestation?

Back 43

Caudothalmic groove

Front 44

What’s the common site for bleeding in a full term neonate?

Back 44

Glomus

Front 45

Common site for hemorrhage in preterm infant less that 34 weeks gestation?

Back 45

Caudothalmic groove (germinal matrix)

Front 46

Where’s the location of the most white matter?

Back 46

Periventricular area

Front 47

What’s the common site for bleeding in a full term neonate?

Back 47

Glomus

Front 48

Common site for hemorrhage in preterm infant less that 34 weeks gestation?

Back 48

Caudothalmic groove

Front 49

Where’s the location of the most white matter?

What window used to identify this?

Back 49

Periventricular area; posterior fontanel.

Front 50

What is a watershed zone?

Echogenicity the same as choroid plexus?

Back 50

Premature infants have terminal ends of the vessel bed and may be used to describe periventricular white matter.

Echogenicity should not be greater than choroid plexus. if it is, suspect hemorrhage or infarction.

Front 51

Sagittal on anterior fontanel, what do you see to the right and left?

Back 51

Right: occipital portion of the brain.

Left: anterior brain.

Front 52

Sagittal on anterior fontanel, what do you see to the right and left?

Back 52

Right: occipital portion of the brain.

Left: anterior brain.

Front 53

This is considered a fifth brain lobe. Remains open until 24-26 week gestation?

Back 53

Insula

Front 54

We use a certain window to evaluate cerebellar hemorrhages, congenital anomalies of third and fourth ventricles.

Back 54

Mastoid fontanel

Front 55

Mastoid fontanel-

notch pointing up vertical position is what plane?

Notch turned right in horizontal plane is what plane?

In the mastoid fontanel you can Eval what major dx?

Back 55

Coronal plane

Transverse/ axial plane

Hydrocephalus (Ventriculomegaly)

Front 56

Mastoid fontanel-

notch pointing up vertical position is what plane?

Notch turned right in horizontal plane is what plane?

In the mastoid fontanel you can Eval what major dx?

Back 56

Coronal plane

Transverse/ axial plane

Hydrocephalus (Ventriculomegaly)

Front 57

Coronal plane, what do you see anterior?

Back 57

Orbits, anterior horns, lateral ventricles

Front 58

Coronal plane- mid of the brain what do you visualize?

Back 58

Lateral ventricles,CSP, third ventricle-foramen of Monro Corpus Callosum

Front 59

Coronal plane- mid of the brain what do you visualize?

Back 59

Lateral ventricles,CSP, third ventricle-foramen of Monro Corpus Callosum

Front 60

Coronal plane- posterior, what do you visualize?

Back 60

Ambient wings and cisterna magna, choroids, glomerus of choroid, occipital lobe

Front 61

Ventricular measurements: GO

Back 61

1. Ventricular Index measured at widest point to falx.

2. Anterior Horn Width measures at a diagonal at the widest point.

3. Thalamo-occipital distance (parasagittal view) measure from outermost part of the occipital horn to junction of choroid with the outermost part of thalamus.

Front 62

Ventricular measurements: GO

Back 62

1. Ventricular Index measured at widest point to falx.

2. Anterior Horn Width measures at a diagonal at the widest point.

3. Thalamo-occipital distance (parasagittal view) measure from outermost part of the occipital horn to junction of choroid with the outermost part of thalamus.

Front 63

Most common metric used for ventricular measurements?

AHW indicates dilation when?

Preterm TOD or Term infant TOD?

Back 63

Ventricular index.

AHW- over 4mm May indicates dilation.

Preterm TOD > 19 mm

Term infant > 21 mm indicate ventricular dilation.

Front 64

What’s the largest component of the human CNS; main portion of the brain?

Back 64

Cerebrum

Front 65

This has three holes on the floor of the ventricle that opens to subarachnoid space for passage of CSF?

Back 65

Foramen of Luschka and foramen Magendie

Front 66

What’s the second largest portion of the brain?

Back 66

Cerebellum

Front 67

Sagittal plane: What is superior to Cavum Septum Pellucidi?

Back 67

Corpus Callosum

Front 68

Sagittal plane: What is superior to Cavum Septum Pellucidi?

Back 68

Corpus Callosum

Front 69

Sagittal plane: what is anterior to corpus callosum?

Back 69

Anterior cerebral arteries

Front 70

Sagittal plane: What is superior to Cavum Septum Pellucidi?

Back 70

Corpus Callosum

Front 71

Sagittal plane: what is anterior to corpus callosum?

Back 71

Anterior cerebral arteries

Front 72

Sagittal plane: inferior to CSP is?

What is the small, gray matter mass located in the third ventricle?

Back 72

Third ventricle.

When present, moderately echogenic, homogenous: Mass Intermedia.

Front 73

This is between the thalamus and head of caudate nucleus?

Back 73

Caudothalmic groove. Marks the arc of germinal matrix.

Front 74

This is between the thalamus and head of caudate nucleus?

Back 74

Caudothalmic groove. Marks the arc of germinal matrix.

Front 75

High susceptible to hemorrhage in premature infant?

Back 75

Germinal matrix

Front 76

Evaluation of the pericallosal artery is through which sono window? What variables prove something is wrong?

Back 76

Anterior fontanel.

If a reversal flow already exists, indication of elevated ICP and fontanel pressure not recommended.

If no flow in pericallosal artery, apply pressure; if reversal flow in diastole, indicated ICP- no measurement needed.

Front 77

For a pericallosal artery, a RI changing by _____ indicate ICP?

Back 77

> 0.1 above baseline.

Front 78

You visualize widening of lateral and third ventricles with a normal size fourth ventricle, what’s the finding?

Back 78

Aqueducts stenosis

Front 79

This is considered benign and a link to autism spectrum disorder? Sono appearance: cortical vessels are seen passing via superficial fluid, also known as?

Vessels along the periphery are?

Back 79

Extra axial fluid.

Cerebral cortical coin sign.

Subdural collection

Front 80

Most common; premature at risk?

Back 80

Intracranial hemorrhage (germinal matrix- Intraventricular hemorrhage) aka Subependymal hemorrhage: affects 40-70%.

Front 81

Most common; premature at risk?

Back 81

Intracranial hemorrhage (germinal matrix- Intraventricular hemorrhage) aka Subependymal hemorrhage: affects 40-70%.

Front 82

Intracranial hemorrhages, explain the grading?

Back 82

Grade 1: SEH w/o ventricular enlargement. (Capillary bleeding in germinal matrix)

Grade 2: IVH w/o ventricular enlargement

Grade 3: IVH with ventricular enlargement

Grade 4: parenchymal hemorrhage

Front 83

Most common; premature at risk?

Back 83

Intracranial hemorrhage (germinal matrix- Intraventricular hemorrhage) aka Subependymal hemorrhage: affects 40-70%.

Front 84

Intracranial hemorrhages, explain the grading?

Back 84

Grade 1: SEH w/o ventricular enlargement. (Capillary bleeding in germinal matrix)

Grade 2: IVH w/o ventricular enlargement

Grade 3: IVH with ventricular enlargement

Grade 4: parenchymal hemorrhage

Front 85

Explain the classic grade 4 for intraparenchymal hemorrhage?

Back 85

Clot extending from the white matter into the ventricular cavity.

Front 86

Most common; premature at risk?

Back 86

Intracranial hemorrhage (germinal matrix- Intraventricular hemorrhage) aka Subependymal hemorrhage: affects 40-70%.

Front 87

Intracranial hemorrhages, explain the grading?

Back 87

Grade 1: SEH w/o ventricular enlargement. (Capillary bleeding in germinal matrix)

Grade 2: IVH w/o ventricular enlargement

Grade 3: IVH with ventricular enlargement

Grade 4: parenchymal hemorrhage

Front 88

Explain the classic grade 4 for intraparenchymal hemorrhage?

Back 88

Clot extending from the white matter into the ventricular cavity.

Front 89

Intracerebellar hemorrhages are located?

What sono window to obtain image?

Back 89

Area of germinal matrix located around fourth ventricle.

Coronal view of mastoid (cerebellar area)

Front 90

Most common; premature at risk?

Back 90

Intracranial hemorrhage (germinal matrix- Intraventricular hemorrhage) aka Subependymal hemorrhage: affects 40-70%.

Front 91

Intracranial hemorrhages, explain the grading?

Back 91

Grade 1: SEH w/o ventricular enlargement. (Capillary bleeding in germinal matrix)

Grade 2: IVH w/o ventricular enlargement

Grade 3: IVH with ventricular enlargement

Grade 4: parenchymal hemorrhage

Front 92

Explain the classic grade 4 for intraparenchymal hemorrhage?

Back 92

Clot extending from the white matter into the ventricular cavity.

Front 93

Intracerebellar hemorrhages are located?

What sono window to obtain image?

Back 93

Area of germinal matrix located around fourth ventricle.

Coronal view of mastoid (cerebellar area)

Front 94

Sono finding: zones of increased echogenicity in white matter?

Back 94

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

Front 95

Most common; premature at risk?

Back 95

Intracranial hemorrhage (germinal matrix- Intraventricular hemorrhage) aka Subependymal hemorrhage: affects 40-70%.

Front 96

Intracranial hemorrhages, explain the grading?

Back 96

Grade 1: SEH w/o ventricular enlargement. (Capillary bleeding in germinal matrix)

Grade 2: IVH w/o ventricular enlargement

Grade 3: IVH with ventricular enlargement

Grade 4: parenchymal hemorrhage

Front 97

Explain the classic grade 4 for intraparenchymal hemorrhage?

Back 97

Clot extending from the white matter into the ventricular cavity.

Front 98

Intracerebellar hemorrhages are located?

What sono window to obtain image?

Back 98

Area of germinal matrix located around fourth ventricle.

Coronal view of mastoid (cerebellar area)

Front 99

Sono finding: zones of increased echogenicity in white matter?

Back 99

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

Front 100

Hypoxia ischemic injury lesions are better evaluated by what modality?

Back 100

Mri

Front 101

Most common; premature at risk?

Back 101

Intracranial hemorrhage (germinal matrix- Intraventricular hemorrhage) aka Subependymal hemorrhage: affects 40-70%.

Front 102

Intracranial hemorrhages, explain the grading?

Back 102

Grade 1: SEH w/o ventricular enlargement. (Capillary bleeding in germinal matrix)

Grade 2: IVH w/o ventricular enlargement

Grade 3: IVH with ventricular enlargement

Grade 4: parenchymal hemorrhage

Front 103

Explain the classic grade 4 for intraparenchymal hemorrhage?

Back 103

Clot extending from the white matter into the ventricular cavity.

Front 104

Intracerebellar hemorrhages are located?

What sono window to obtain image?

Back 104

Area of germinal matrix located around fourth ventricle.

Coronal view of mastoid (cerebellar area)

Front 105

Sono finding: zones of increased echogenicity in white matter?

Back 105

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

Front 106

Hypoxia ischemic injury lesions are better evaluated by what modality?

Back 106

Mri

Front 107

White matter loss leads to?

Back 107

White matter volume loss or PVL

Front 108

To detect early hypoxia or ischemia; Hypoxic- Ischemic Injury lesions, Doppler what structure?

What’s the normal RI? What’s abnormal?

What are some findings of HII?

Back 108

Anterior cerebral artery (normal RI- 0.70), low < 0.6.

Findings of HII- Fluctuating RI, hyperemia.

Front 109

To detect early hypoxia or ischemia; Hypoxic- Ischemic Injury lesions, Doppler what structure?

Back 109

Anterior cerebral artery (normal RI- 0.70), low < 0.6.

Findings of HII- Fluctuating RI, hyperemia.

Front 110

This is multi focal white matter necrosis; associate with cerebral palsy. Located in the lateral wall of the atria and occipital horns?

Back 110

Periventricular Leukomalacia

Front 111

To detect early hypoxia or ischemia; Hypoxic- Ischemic Injury lesions, Doppler what structure?

Back 111

Anterior cerebral artery (normal RI- 0.70), low < 0.6.

Findings of HII- Fluctuating RI, hyperemia.

Front 112

This is multi focal white matter necrosis; associate with cerebral palsy. Located in the lateral wall of the atria and occipital horns?

Back 112

Periventricular Leukomalacia

Front 113

Infant has normal or small head circumference, enlarged subarachnoid space, widened interhemispheric fissure and persistent ventricular dilation, what this indicate?

Back 113

Brain atrophy

Front 114

Porencephaly means?

Multicystic encephalomalacia means?

Hydranencephaly means?

Back 114

Porencephaly- single cavity

Multicystic enceph= multiple cavities.

Hydranencephaly: large single cavity with entire absence of cerebral hemispheres.

Front 115

Porencephaly means?

Multicystic encephalomalacia means?

Hydranencephaly means?

Back 115

Porencephaly- single cavity

Multicystic enceph= multiple cavities.

Hydranencephaly: large single cavity with entire absence of cerebral hemispheres.

Front 116

This is seen in neonates with Hypoxia ischemic injury lesions and appears linear echogenic foci in thalamus and basal ganglia. Assoc with chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infection, prematurity. Isolated is good prognosis.

Back 116

LSV- Lentriculostriate Vasculopsthy

Front 117

Porencephaly means?

Multicystic encephalomalacia means?

Hydranencephaly means?

Back 117

Porencephaly- single cavity

Multicystic enceph= multiple cavities.

Hydranencephaly: large single cavity with entire absence of cerebral hemispheres.

Front 118

This is seen in neonates with Hypoxia ischemic injury lesions and appears linear echogenic foci in thalamus and basal ganglia. Assoc with chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infection, prematurity. Isolated is good prognosis.

Back 118

LSV- Lentriculostriate Vasculopsthy

Front 119

80-90% infants with myelomenignocele have?

This is considered 50% of all cerebral malformation. Associated with myelocele and myelomenigocele?

Back 119

Arnold Chianti malformation.

Front 120

Porencephaly means?

Multicystic encephalomalacia means?

Hydranencephaly means?

Back 120

Porencephaly- single cavity

Multicystic enceph= multiple cavities.

Hydranencephaly: large single cavity with entire absence of cerebral hemispheres.

Front 121

This is seen in neonates with Hypoxia ischemic injury lesions and appears linear echogenic foci in thalamus and basal ganglia. Assoc with chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infection, prematurity. Isolated is good prognosis.

Back 121

LSV- Lentriculostriate Vasculopsthy

Front 122

80-90% infants with myelomenignocele have?

This is considered 50% of all cerebral malformation. Associated with myelocele and myelomenigocele?

Back 122

Arnold Chianti malformation.

Front 123

Cingulate sulcus randomized or spiraled pericallosal artery - abnormal course or absent 3rd ventricle might be where CSP sits, CSP absent. Tear drop enlarged occipital horn “bat wing” appearance?

Back 123

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum

Front 124

Porencephaly means?

Multicystic encephalomalacia means?

Hydranencephaly means?

Back 124

Porencephaly- single cavity

Multicystic enceph= multiple cavities.

Hydranencephaly: large single cavity with entire absence of cerebral hemispheres.

Front 125

This is seen in neonates with Hypoxia ischemic injury lesions and appears linear echogenic foci in thalamus and basal ganglia. Assoc with chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infection, prematurity. Isolated is good prognosis.

Back 125

LSV- Lentriculostriate Vasculopsthy

Front 126

80-90% infants with myelomenignocele have?

This is considered 50% of all cerebral malformation. Associated with myelocele and myelomenigocele?

Back 126

Arnold Chianti malformation.

Front 127

Cingulate sulcus randomized or spiraled pericallosal artery - abnormal course or absent 3rd ventricle might be where CSP sits, CSP absent. Tear drop enlarged occipital horn “bar wing” appearance?

Back 127

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum

Front 128

Genus, splenium, and rostrum are absent?

Back 128

Partial agenesis of corpus callosum

Front 129

Porencephaly means?

Multicystic encephalomalacia means?

Hydranencephaly means?

Back 129

Porencephaly- single cavity

Multicystic enceph= multiple cavities.

Hydranencephaly: large single cavity with entire absence of cerebral hemispheres.

Front 130

This is seen in neonates with Hypoxia ischemic injury lesions and appears linear echogenic foci in thalamus and basal ganglia. Assoc with chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infection, prematurity. Isolated is good prognosis.

Back 130

LSV- Lentriculostriate Vasculopsthy

Front 131

80-90% infants with myelomenignocele have?

This is considered 50% of all cerebral malformation. Associated with myelocele and myelomenigocele?

Back 131

Arnold Chianti malformation.

Front 132

Cingulate sulcus randomized or spiraled pericallosal artery - abnormal course or absent 3rd ventricle might be where CSP sits, CSP absent. Tear drop enlarged occipital horn “bar wing” appearance?

Back 132

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum

Front 133

Genus, splenium, and rostrum are absent?

Back 133

Partial agenesis of corpus callosum

Front 134

Disruption of 4th ventricle and cerebellar vermis. Huge 4th ventricle cyst occupies where the cerebellum lies. Posterior fossa enlarged with elevation of tentorium cerebelli. Corpus callosum might be absent.

Back 134

Dandy walker malformation

Front 135

4th ventricle slightly dilated but communicative with the cyst. Posterior fossa not enlarged, cerebral hemispheres normal, finding is?

Back 135

Dandy walker variant

Front 136

4th ventricle slightly dilated but communicative with the cyst. Posterior fossa not enlarged, cerebral hemispheres normal, finding is?

Back 136

Dandy walker variant

Front 137

Mega cisterna magna abnormal?

Back 137

Normal variant

Front 138

4th ventricle slightly dilated but communicative with the cyst. Posterior fossa not enlarged, cerebral hemispheres normal, finding is?

Back 138

Dandy walker variant

Front 139

Mega cisterna magna abnormal?

Back 139

Normal variant

Front 140

Ischemia lesion, result of bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion?

Back 140

Hydranencephaly

Front 141

This is a cyst filled with CSF that communicates with ventricular system of subarachnoid space. Finding?

Back 141

Porencephalic cyst

Front 142

This is a cyst filled with CSF that communicates with ventricular system of subarachnoid space. Finding?

Back 142

Porencephalic cyst

Front 143

Choroid plexus cyst is associated to trisomy 18 when?

Back 143

Choroid plexus cysts are 4-7 mm, unilateral, left larger than the right. If > 10mm and multiple then assoc with trisomy 18.

Front 144

This is a vascular malformation that occurs in the quadrigeminal cistern. It’s fed by anterior or posterior cerebral artery circulation.

Back 144

Vein of Galen (Galenic Venous Malformation)

Front 145

This finding is located in Supra/infratentorial in the posterior fossa with a normal vermis and 4th ventricle. Rise from suprasellar region or quadrimenial plate cistern. Use color Doppler to verify they are not venous malformation.

Back 145

Arachnoid cysts

Front 146

This finding is located in Supra/infratentorial in the posterior fossa with a normal vermis and 4th ventricle. Rise from suprasellar region or quadrimenial plate cistern. Use color Doppler to verify they are not venous malformation.

Back 146

Arachnoid cysts

Front 147

What’s the most common congenital infection?

2nd most common?

Back 147

Cytomegalovirus.

Taxoplasmosis

Front 148

This finding is located in Supra/infratentorial in the posterior fossa with a normal vermis and 4th ventricle. Rise from suprasellar region or quadrimenial plate cistern. Use color Doppler to verify they are not venous malformation.

Back 148

Arachnoid cysts

Front 149

What’s the most common congenital infection?

2nd most common?

Back 149

Cytomegalovirus.

Taxoplasmosis

Front 150

This is highly associTed with neonate brain infection. Other complication that may rise is hydrocephalus, abscess, white matter softening.

Back 150

Lentriculostriate vasculopathy

Front 151

This finding is located in Supra/infratentorial in the posterior fossa with a normal vermis and 4th ventricle. Rise from suprasellar region or quadrimenial plate cistern. Use color Doppler to verify they are not venous malformation.

Back 151

Arachnoid cysts

Front 152

What’s the most common congenital infection?

2nd most common?

Back 152

Cytomegalovirus.

Taxoplasmosis

Front 153

This is highly associTed with neonate brain infection. Other complication that may rise is hydrocephalus, abscess, white matter softening.

Back 153

Lentriculostriate vasculopathy

Front 154

Parenchyma calcifications, finding?

Back 154

TORCH (congenital infections)

Front 155

This finding is located in Supra/infratentorial in the posterior fossa with a normal vermis and 4th ventricle. Rise from suprasellar region or quadrimenial plate cistern. Use color Doppler to verify they are not venous malformation.

Back 155

Arachnoid cysts

Front 156

What’s the most common congenital infection?

2nd most common?

Back 156

Cytomegalovirus.

Taxoplasmosis

Front 157

This is highly associTed with neonate brain infection. Other complication that may rise is hydrocephalus, abscess, white matter softening.

Back 157

Lentriculostriate vasculopathy

Front 158

Parenchyma calcifications, finding?

Back 158

TORCH (congenital infections)

Front 159

Common complication of infected meninges in a newborn. Hematogenous spread of the infect you choroid plexus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt May provide persistent infection of the ventricular cavities. Finding?

Back 159

Ventriculitis

Front 160

This finding is located in Supra/infratentorial in the posterior fossa with a normal vermis and 4th ventricle. Rise from suprasellar region or quadrimenial plate cistern. Use color Doppler to verify they are not venous malformation.

Back 160

Arachnoid cysts

Front 161

What’s the most common congenital infection?

2nd most common?

Back 161

Cytomegalovirus.

Taxoplasmosis

Front 162

This is highly associTed with neonate brain infection. Other complication that may rise is hydrocephalus, abscess, white matter softening.

Back 162

Lentriculostriate vasculopathy

Front 163

Parenchyma calcifications, finding?

Back 163

TORCH (congenital infections)

Front 164

Common complication of infected meninges in a newborn. Hematogenous spread of the infect you choroid plexus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt May provide persistent infection of the ventricular cavities. Finding?

Back 164

Ventriculitis

Front 165

This is more common and occurs earlier than ventriculitis. Inflamed lining became thick, hyperechoic. Finding?

What does this develop from?

Back 165

Ependymitis; develop from Intraventricular hemorrhage.