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33 Cards in this Set
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H- Dogs and foxes (various PH); zoonotic ID- Adults are 1-2 cm, hook like, eggs are 60x40 microns (medium size, oval and thin) LC- Direct, many modes of infection, arrested development, lung migration PPP= 2-3 weeks SI- Small intestine PLC- Hemorrhagic anemia, moist eczema, respiratory disease, pneumonia, weight loss D- Fecal exam, L4/early mature feed on blood TP- Anthelmintics kill adult and larvae, larval leakage can occur, treat pups,pregnant bitches, and nursing litter 1-2 wks than again 2 wks later |
Order Strongylida, Family Ancylostomatoidea Ancylostoma caninum Hookworm |
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H- Dogs and cats (various PH); most zoonotic LC- Per os, cutaneous, and PH infection LPC- Less pathogenic than other hookworms *Similar to A. caninum; can cause cutaneous larval migrants in humans |
Order Strongylida, Family Ancylostomatoidea Ancylostoma braziliense |
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H- Dogs, cats, foxes (various PH); less zoonotic LC- Per os common, percutaneous uncommon ID- Eggs are 80x40 microns LPC- Less voracious bloodsucker *Similar to A. caninum; can cause interdigital dermatitis in previously infected animal |
Order Strongylida, Family Ancylostomatoidea Uncinaria stenocephala Hookworm |
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H- Horses ID- Large 1.5-5 cm, eggs 60-120x35-60 microns SI- Lumen of large intestine, L3/L4 location is species dependant LC- Direct PLC- Adults are bloodsuckers, cause anemia; larvae migrate in organs and cause colic TP- MCLs PPP= 6/9/11 months D- Eggs in McmAster floatation, ultrasound, L3 can be distinguished, necropsy *3 species present |
Order Strongylida, Family Strongylidae Large strongyles |
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H- Horses ID- Small <1.5 cm, eggs 60-120x35-60 microns SI- Lumen od large intestine LC- Direct PLC- Larvae encyst in large intestine mucosa which causes colic and diarrhea, resistance, catarrhal colitis, protein loss, L4 emergence TP- Resistance PPP= 1.5-4 months D- Eggs in McMaster floatation, L3 distinguishable, eggs in foals w/coprophagia TP- BZ and MCLs, resistance to all drug classes *Cyathostomins are species of interest, greater than 50 species |
Order Strongylida, Family Strongylidae Small Strongyles |
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H- Cattle, sheep, goats, swine ID- Adults are 1-3 cm white, eggs are 85 microns SI- Adults are in large intestine lumen, L4 are nodules in large and small intestinal wall LC- Arrested L4 in intestinal wall, females lay large number of eggs, E > L3 10 d, low motility of L3 which survive on pasture PPP= 3-8 weeks PLC- Nodules, age immunity not strong, accumulation in older animals, causes diarrhea and anorexia/weigth loss in sow D- Egg counts (L3), necropsy TP- Anhelmintics, fifficult to control in swine, PPR with farrowing (transmission to offspring) *Includes O. dentatum and quadrispinulatum |
Order Strongylida, Family Chabertiidae Oesophagostomum spp. Nodular/pimply worm |
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H- Domestic and wild fowl (earthworm PH) ID- Females much larger, eggs operculum at both poles (70-100x43-46 microns) PLC- Asphyxia, death, young birds affected but all ages turkeys are affected D- Necropsy, eggs in fecal exam |
Order Strongylida, Family Syngamidae Syngamus trachea Gapeworm |
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H- Cattle ID- Adults at 1 cm and eggs are 83 microns PPP= 21 days SI- Adults on abomasal surface LC- Arrested L4 up to 6 months PLC- L3 in gastric glands, thickened mucosa (Moroccan leather), inc plasma pepsinogen D- Type I high epg, Type II ofte negative; can also culture and identify L3, necropsy TP- Move Type I to safe pasture, Type II needs effectiveness against arrested L4, larvae, adults Type I Summer ostertagiosis- Calves during 1st grazing season, 2nd or 3rd season in heavily infected pastures, diarrhea, morbidity high Type II Winter ostertagiosis- Calves following 1st season w/arrested L4, can be 2nd or 3rd season in heavily infected pastures, bottle jaw |
Order Strongylida, Family Trichostrongyloidea Ostertagia ostertagi Brown stomach worm |
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H- Sheep and goats PLC- Less severe than bovine ostertagiosis, loss of weight, diarrhea intermittent LC- Source of infection varies with env, PPR, not good w/heat and dryness, feces less protection D- Culture and ID L3, necropsy TP- MCLs, benzimidazoles, levamisoles *Similar to O. ostertagi |
Order Strongylida, Family Trichostrongyloidea Teladorsagia circumcincta |
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H- Pigs ID- Slender, red, 5-8 mm, trichostrongyloid eggs LC- Egg > L3 1-2 weeks, L4 is hypobiotic, high motility of L3 SI- Stomach PLC- Damage to gastric glands, mucosla hyperplasia, noduel formation, hemorrhage, causes in appetence, loss of condition, anemia PPP= 3 weeks D- Eggs in fecal exam TP- Outdoor pigs affected, anthelmintics affective against hypobiotic larvae *Poor sow syndrome with Oesophagostomum |
Order Strongylida, Family Trichostrongyloidea Hyostrongylus rubidus Stomach worm |
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H- Cattle, sheep, goats, equine ID- Adults at <7 mm, eggs are 84 microns SI- Abomasum/stomach, small intestine LC- Trichostrongyloid, low hypobiosis PPP- 21-28 days PLC- Heavy infectiosn cause severe diarrhea, low infection problematic in stressed animals TP- Anthelmintic resistance *Most spp. are species specific |
Order Strongylida, Family Trichostrongyloidea Trichostrongylous spp. |
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H- Cattle, sheep, goats ID- Adults at <9 mm, eggs are 85 microns SI- Small intestine LC- Trichostrongyloid PPP= 15-18 days PLC- Normally mild, stressed cattle produce watery diarrhea D- Fecal egg count, L3, necropsy TP- Env and animal husbandry are important *Common nematode w/weanling age |
Order Strongylida, Family Trichostrongyloidea Cooperia spp. |
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H- Sheep and goats ID- Adults are 2-3 cm (lancet tooth), females barber pole appearance, eggs are 85 microns PPP= 3 weeks LC- PPR, hypobiosis SI- Abomasum PLC- Acute hemorrhagic anemia, hyperacute (anemia, bottle jaw) and chronic (progressive weight loss, weakness) haemonchosis D- Fecal egg counts and ID of L3, necrops TP- MCLs, MCLs, benzimidazoles, levamisoles, vaccines, resistance occurs |
Order Strongylida, Family Trichostrongyloidea Haemonchus contortus Barber pole worm |
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Cattle version of H. contortus, resistance occurs, more acute and chronic versus hyperacute |
Order Strongylida, Family Trichostrongyloidea Haemonchus placei |
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ID- Adults at >8 cm, thin LC- L3 infective; adult females pass eggs which hatch to L1, coughed up, passed in feces to devo to L3 and become ingested PPP- 24 days, 35 days, 2-4 months SI- Bronchi PLC- Coughing, penetration (1-7 d), prepatent (8-24 d; bronchitis), patent (25-60 d); pneumonia), and postpatent (61-90; bronchitis) phase D- L1 Baermann, necropsy TP- Anthelmintics, avoid pasture when wet, devo immunity, post treatment syndrome is an issue *D. viviparus in cattle, D. filaria in goats and sheep, D. arnfeldi in equine |
Order Strongylida, Family Trichostrongyloidea Dictyocaulus spp. Lung worm |
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H- Sheep, goats, cattle ID- Adults are 2.5 cm, eggs are 130 microns SI- Small intestine LC- L1 > L3 in egg (survive <2 months), L3 can survive in egg up to 2 years, L3 is infective PPP= 3 weeks PLC- Larval stage devo cause mucosa disruption, carcasses are dehydrated, diarrhea D- Egg counts little value, necropsy TP- Avoid pastures used in prev. year in srping/early summer, prophylactic treatment *Freeze-thaw needed for disease contraction, synch emergence, spring, lamb-lamb disease |
Order Strongylida, Family Trichostrongyloidea Nematodirus spp. Long neck bankrupt worm |
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FH- Sheep and goats IH- Molluscs ID- Adults in lung tissue, L1 w/kinked tail PPP= 6-10 weeks LC- L1 pass in feces and go into mollusc to devo to L3 to infect FH and migrate to lungs SI- Lungs PLC- Nodular lesions, lead shot lung, pneumonia rare in sheep but heavy infections are serious TP- Several anthelmintics effective, control of snail is difficult (L3 live as long as mollusc) |
Order Strongylida, Family Metastrongyloidea Muellerius spp. Lung worm |
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FH- White tailed deer (non-pathogenic) IH- Molluscs AH- Equine, sheep, goats, llamas, camels PLC- In PH, larvae invade nervous tissue and cause disease, can be fatal |
Order Strongylida, Family Metastrongyloidea Parelaphostrongylus tenius Meningeal worm |
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FH- Pig IH- Earthworm ID- Slender, white, 6 cm, small eggs with L1 PPP= 4 weeks LC- L1 > L3 takes 1-2 weeks, can be in/direct SI- Bronchi and bronchioles PLC- Lung migrations cause lesions, secondary infections, fatal cases can occur D- Eggs with L1 in fecal exam TP- Young pigs severely affected, long lasting exposure, several anthelmintics approved |
Order Strongylida, Family Metastrongyloidea Metastrongylus spp. Lungworm of pigs |
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FH- Cats IH- Snails and slugs PH- Birds, rodents, and frogs ID- Aggregations in lung tissue, L1 w/kinked tail SI- Lung parenchyma and bronchioles LC- L3 ingested, migrate to lung, females lay eggs in nests/lung parenchyma where L1 hatch, coughed, swallowed, and passed in feces to be taken up by IH and devo to L3 PLC- Low pathogenicity, chronic mild cough D- Fecal, Baermann kinked tail l1 TP- Prevent access to IH and PH |
Order Strongylida, Family Metastrongyloidea Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Cat lungworm |
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H- Dogs and wild carnivores ID- Kinked tail LC- Direct, affects young dogs/breeding facilities; L1 ingested and devo in lungs to be coughe dup and passed in feces to be ingested PLC- Hemorrhagic or granular nodules in trachea and bronchi, dry cough, anorexia, etc. PPP= 6-7 months D- Nodules detected with a bronchoscope, L1 with kinked tail in feces or sputum, centrifugal flotation or with Baermann technique TP- Benzimidazole *passed to offspring by grooming them |
Order Strongylida, Family Metastrongyloidea Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri Lung/tracheal/French worm |
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H- Dogs and wild carnivores ID- Kinked tail LC- Direct, affects beagle colonies, young dogs, breeding facilities PLC- Embedded in lung parenchyma, dry cough; hyperinfection can be fatal PPP= 5 weeks |
Order Strongylida, Family Metastrongyloidea Filaroides hirthi Lung/tracheal/French worm |
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H- Dogs and wild carnivores (foxes) ID- Kinked tail LC- Indirect (snail), affects older dogs PLC- Gradually progressing pulmonary disease and cardiac failure PPP= 28-108 days |
Order Strongylida, Family Metastrongyloidea Angiostrongylus vasorum Lung/tracheal/French worm |
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H- Dogs and wild carnivores (foxes) ID- Straight, pointed tail LC- Indirect (snail), affects older dogs PLC- Affects bronchi, dry cough PPP= 19 days |
Order Strongylida, Family Metastrongyloidea Crenosoma vulpis Lung/tracheal/French worm |
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ID- Eggs are 30x40 microns, adults are <1 cm; esophagus is 1/3 of the body SI- L1 in feces, adults in small intestine LC- L3 infective, various infection routes, eventually migrate to lungs and are swallowed PPP= 8-14 days PLC- Inflmmation, skin penetration erythematous reaction, diarrhea, urticaria D- Fecal flotation (Baermann for S. stercorlais) TP- Young animals, some anthelmintics, zoonotic *S. stercoralis affects dogs/cats, S. westeri affects horses, S. papillosus affects sheep,goat, cattle, S. ransomi affects swine |
Order Rhabditida, Family Rhabditoidea Strongyloides spp. Threadworm |
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H- Dogs (zoonotic) ID- Adults are 10-12 cm, eggs dark brown/thick and pitted shell 85x75 microns LC- Per os, transplacental/prenatal, transmammary, PHs; egg > egg w/L2= 2-4 weeks PLC- Moderate infections do littel damage, large infections cause belly obstruction, pot belly D- Eggs in fecal float, adult worms in feces/vomit TP- Env management, treat to kill L4 and immature adults pre-egg shedding *Clinical signs seen before eggs present |
Order Ascaridida, Family Ascaridoidea Toxocara canis |
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H- Cats (zoonotic) ID- Adults are 8-10 cm, eggs are thick and pitted, colourless, 60x80 microns LC- Per os, transmammary, PHs *Compared to T. canis= less migration, less immunity, slightly older kittens infected |
Order Ascaridida, Family Ascaridoidea Toxocara cati |
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H- Dogs and cats ID- Adults are 6-12 cm, smooth/thic shelled eggs LC- Per os, paratenic host PPP= 11 weeks *Co-infection with Toxocara spp.; compared with that sp,: No pnumonia, migrates locally, less immunity and pthogenicity, egg>egg w/L2 |
Order Ascaridida, Family Ascaridoidea Toxascaris leonina |
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H- Racoons, cna infect dogs *Similar to other Ascaridoidea spp.; zoonotic with high levels of VLM |
Order Ascaridida, Family Ascaridoidea Baylisascaris procyoni |
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H- Equine ID- Adults are 30 cm, eggs are round, thick shelled, 90 microns in size LC- Per os only, egg > egg with L2 <2 weeks PLC- Moderatie/heavy infections cause unthriftiness, production losses PPP= 10-12 weeks D- Mcmaster fecal flotations TP- Treatment timing to not block intestines *Hepatic tracheal migration |
Order Ascaridida, Family Ascaridoidea Parascaris equorum |
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H- Pigs (zoonotic) PH- Earthworms, dung beetles ID- Adults are 40 cm, eggs are round, thick shelled, mammilated, 50 microns LC- Per os and paratenic infections, eggs w/L2 takes 1-3 months; eggs last 10 years PPP= 6-8 weeks PLC- heavy infections cause transient pneumonia (<4 months of age), milk spots D- McMaster fecal flotation TP- Outdoor and indoor production, wash sows pre-farrowing, treat weanlings |
Order Ascaridida, Family Ascaridoidea Acasris suum |
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H- Domestic and wild birds (chickens) PH- Earthworm ID- Largest poultry nematode, 8-12 cm, egg is thick shelled (80x60 microns) SI- Small intestine PLC- Weight loss~worm burden, obstruction of small intestine, younger chicken affected more |
Order Ascaridida, Family Heterakoidea Ascaridia spp. Roundworms |
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H- Domestic and wild fowl ID- Adults 1-1.5 cm, eggs smaller than Ascaridia SI- Cecum PLC- Only H. isolonche is pathogenic; vector for Histomonas meleagridis (blackhead) D- Fecal exam, necropsy is easiest *H. gallinarum affects chicken and turkeys |
Order Ascaridida, Family Heterakoidea Heterakis spp. Poultry cecal worm |
