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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neisseria - general microbiology
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Aerobic, gram (-) diplococci, non-hemolytic (chocolate agar)
Identification based on carb. fermentation Divided into serogroups - based on capsular polysaccharide; serotypes - based on membrane proteins |
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N. meningitidis - prevention
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Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts (family, daycare, medical staff)
Tetravalent vaccine - serogroups A,C, Y, W-135 (not effective against B) Recommended for travelers to endemic areas, military, complement deficient/asplenic pts, adolescents |
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N. meningitidis - epidemiology
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Only bacterial meningitis associated w/ epidemic
Central Africa - meningitis belt Seasonal increase - Spring/Winter Meningococcal meningitis - leading cause of bacterial meningitis in US (most cases - serogroup B) |
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N. meningitidis - clinical manifestation
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1)Meningococcemia - URT infection (fever, chills, weakness), petechial rash - can become ecchymotic, vascular collapse and DIC
2)Meningitis - abrupt fever, stiff neck, altered mental status 3)Bacteremia - transient, resolves quickly |
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N. meningitidis - diagnosis
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Gram stain/culture CSF/blood
Thayer-Martin |
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N. gonorrheae - epidemiology
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Asymptomatic patients; peak incidence - adolescents
Transmitted via sexual contact |
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N. gonorrheae - clinical manifestation
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Men - urethra: burning, dysuria, purulent urethral discharge
Women - cervix: vaginal discharge, dysuria Fever, septic arthritis, rash |
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N. gonorrheae - diagnosis
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Gram stain of discharge
Disseminated disease - culture blood, affected joint, urethra, cervix Thayer-Martin medium Nucleic acid probes - specific, rapid Urine amplification assay |
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Moraxella catarrhalis - general
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Gram (-) diploccoci - cannot distinguish from Neisseria by gram stain
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M. catarrhalis - epidemiology
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High rate in COPD adults
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M. catarrhalis - clinical manifestations
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Causes otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia (elderly)
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M. catarrhalis - treatment
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All strains produce beta-lactamases
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Difference between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrheae
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N. meningitidis has a capsule
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