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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Some features of Neisseria |
Diplococci with flattened sides Oxidase positive |
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Compare and contrast N. meningitides and N. gonorrhea |
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Capsule Vaccine Portal of entry Glucose fermentation Maltese fermentation B-lactamase activity |
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Growth medium for N. meningitidis |
Chocolate agar Thayer-Martin agar (chocolate agar +antibiotics; selective for pathogenic neisseria) |
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Reservoir for N. meningitidis |
Human nasopharynx (10% of population are carriers) |
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Transmission of N. meningitides |
Respiratory droplets |
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Virulence factors of N. meningitides |
1. Polysaccharide capsule 2. IgA protease |
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N. meningitidis has 5 seroptypes. If a patient with updated vaccination develops meningitis and N. meningitidis was isolated, which seroptype is most likely involved? |
Seroptype B. The vaccine for N. meningitidis covers for all seroptypes except for seroptype B because it is not very immunogenic. |
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Pathogenesis of N. meningitidis |
1. Endotoxin causes fever and shock 2. Pili and outer membrane proteins - for colonization and invasion 3. Deficiency in late complement components (C5-C8) predisposed to bacteremia |
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Diagnosis of N. meningitidis |
CSF gram stain Latex agglutination (detection of capsule) |
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Treatment for N. meningitidis |
Neonates & infants: ampicillin & cefotaxime Children and adults: cefotaxime/ceftriaxone +/- vancomycin |
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Prevention of N. meningitidis |
Vaccine - does not cover for seroptype B Prophylaxis with Rifampin or ciprofloxacin |
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Reservoir for N. gonorrhea |
Human genital tract |
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Transmission of N. gonorrhoeae |
Sexual contact Vaginal birth |
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Virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae |
1. Pili - grater than 1 million variants 2. Outer membrane proteins A. OMP 1 - used in seroptyping B. Opa proteins - for adherence C. IgA protease - aids in colonization and cellular uptake |
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Disease caused by N. gonorrhoeae |
Male: urethritis, proctitis Female: endocervicitis, PID, arthritis, proctitis Infants: ophthalmia |
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Diagnosis of N. gonorrhea |
Urethral discharge gram stain Culture on Thayer-Martin agar - no capsule - oxidase positive - does not ferment maltose |
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Treatment for N. gonorrhea |
DOC: ceftriaxone Must also test for C. trachomatis or treat with doxycycline |
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Prevention for N. gonorrhea |
Safe sex Erythromycin eye ointment |
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Reservoir of M. catarrhalis |
Normal upper respiratory tract flora |
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Transmission of M. catarrhalis |
Respiratory droplets |
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Diseases caused by M. catarrhalis |
Otitis media Sinusitis Bronchitis Pneumonia |
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Treatment of M. catarrhalis |
Most strains promotes B-lactamase Give BLICs, 3rd Gen cephalosporins, or cotrimoxazole |
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