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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thayer Martin agar contains which 3 antibiotics?
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VCN: Vancomycin, Colistin, Nystatin
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What do the 3 antibiotics in Thayer Martin deal with?
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VCN: Vancomycin: gram positive cocci.
Colistin: gram negative rods Nystatin: yeasts |
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What's inside Thayer Martin agar, besides the antibiotics?
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Head blood with hemin, animal proteins; growth inhibited by fatty acids and salts
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Is Neisseria Oxidase positive or negative?
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Neisseria is oxidase POSITIVE.
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What's the Oxidase test all about?
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Positive reaction = PURPLE color. Oxidase tests for the presence of CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE. TMPD (tetramethylparaphenylenediamine) hydrochloride is a redox indicator that is impregnated on a Oxidase test disk. if the organism contains oxidase, the test will be PURPLE = POSITIVE.
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What are the two pathogenic species of Neisseria and what are their common names?
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N. meningitidis (meningococcus) & N. gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
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T/F: Neisseria doesn't remain viable & infective free in the environment.
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True. It's an intracellular type of organism.
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What is the morphology & staining pattern of Neisseria?
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Gram negative diplococci.
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What's so special about Neisseria's diplococci appearance?
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They are kidney bean shaped---adjacent sides flattened.
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T/F: Neisseria is non-motile & non-sporulating.
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True. Neisseria is non-motile and non-sporulating.
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T/F: Neisseria is surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule.
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True! Neisseria does have a polysaccharide capsule.
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What part of the human body does Neisseria like to inhabit?
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Neisseria prefers the mucous membranes of humans.
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T/F: The two pathogenic Neisseria species are very fastidious and require enriched media for growth.
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True! The other non-pathogenic species can grown in simple media.
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What are the 2 media used for culturing pathogenic Neisseria?
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Chocolate agar & Thayer Martin agar.
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What is inside Chocolate agar? It's not Hersheys! haha.
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Hemoglobin, yeast extract in addition to peptone, glucose, ect. . .
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What does Thayer-Martin agar contain? What inhibits growth on Thayer-Martin?
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HEATED blood (important, bc the heated blood = lysed blood cells?), hemin, animal proteins; growth inhibited by fatty acid & salts.
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Which specie/s of Neisseria produce IgA Protease?
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N. meningitidis & M. gonorrheae.
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Which specie/s of Neisseria grow on Nutrient agar at 22C?
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N. meningitidis & M. gonorrheae.
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Which specie/s of Neisseria grow on Chocolate agar at 37C?
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N. meningitidis & M. gonorrheae.
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Which specie/s of Neisseria grow on TM (Thayer Martin) agar?
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N. meningitidis & M. gonorrheae.
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Which Neisseria specie/s is POSITIVE for MALTOSE? (we are talking about "Acid From Maltose"). ?
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N. meningitidis
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Which Neisseria specie/s is POSITIVE for acid from GLUCOSE?
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N. meningitidis & M. gonorrheae.
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Which Neisseria specie/s is POSITIVE for acid from SUCROSE?
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NEITHER!
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What does IgA Protease do?
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IgA Protease cleaves proteins. IgA is in the mucosal membranes, which ironically is the type of environment that Neisseria like.
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List some virulence factors of N. meningitidis & M. gonorrheae.
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1. Polysaccharide capsule (prominent in meningococcus)
2. Pili (particularly for gonococci) 3. IgA protease (important in N. meningitidis & M. gonorrheae.) 4. LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) (responsible for DIC in meningococcemia) 5. Protein I (found in all gonocci) |
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What does the virulence factor POLYSACCHARIDE CAPSULE do? In which Neisseria is it prominent in?
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Polysaccharide capsule = resists phagocytosis. It is prominent in meingococcus (dividing it in 13 groups).
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What does the virulence factor PILI do? Which Neisseria species is it particularly helpful for?
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Pili also resists phagocytosis.
It is protein in nature. It enhances attachment to host cells. It is important for both species, and gonocci in particular. |
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T/F: Virulence factor IgA PROTEASE is important in both species.
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True.
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What does the virulent factor LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) do? Which species of Neisseria does it do this in?
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LPS is an ENDOtoxin responsible for DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation [vascular thrombosis] in meningococcemia.
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What is the potent pyrogen that LPS stimulates the host phagocytes to make?
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IL-1
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What factor does LPS stimulate the host phagocyte to release that causes inflammation, fever and shock?
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TNF (tumor necrosis factor)
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What other factor does LPS produce that we know causes vasodilation?
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NO.
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Which virulent factor is a principal outer membrane protein; found in all gonococci which induce specifically protective & bactericidal antibodies?
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Protein I.
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T/F: Gram negative organisms all have LPS endotoxins.
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True.
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What is the toxic part of LPS?
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Lipid A.
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Protein M is found in which bug?
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Protein M = Strep
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Protein A is found in which bug?
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Protein A = Staph
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Protein I is found in which bug?
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Protein I = Neisseria
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T/F: Gonocci attacks the mucous membranes of genitourinary tract, eye, rectum & throat.
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True.
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What is the RESERVOIR for Neisseria?
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Infected human person
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What is the transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
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Sexual content.
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