Micro: Bacteriology, Staph, Strep, Neisseria, Gram + Rods

Front 1

4 distinguishing characteristics of Staphylococci

Back 1

can grow in high salt
facultative anaerobe
catalase+
Gram+ in grape-like clusters
hemolysis: can see thru

Front 2

3 most common Staph

Back 2

S. Aureus
epidermidis
saprophyticus

Front 3

where does staph colonize?

Back 3

nasopharyngeal area mostly (30% of population)

Front 4

role of peptidoglycan?

Back 4

antigenic, attracts PMN, stimulates IL-1 from monocytes
(damange from immune response)

Front 5

role of techoid acid

Back 5

binds to fibronectin and mucosal sufraces to colonize

Front 6

role of Protein A

Back 6

binds Fc on IgG=>evade complement
, VWf; binds TNFR recruiting leukocytes

Front 7

Hyaluronidase

Back 7

hydrolyzes HA

Front 8

What are 3 secreted staph virulence factors?

Back 8

Catalase
coagulase (binds fibrinogen)
staphylokinase (digest fibrin)

Front 9

Penicillilnase

Back 9

blocks transport of drug

Front 10

Lipaase

Back 10

invade into cutaneous and subQtissue

Front 11

a hemolysin

Back 11

permeabilizes cell membranes

Front 12

B toxin (sphingomyelinase C)

Back 12

degrades sphingomyelin

Front 13

delta toxin

Back 13

small pores in membranes

Front 14

Leukocidin

Back 14

permeabilizes PMN mac membranes

Front 15

exfolitin

Back 15

staphyococcal scalded skin syndrome
may target Desmoglein 1
T cell mitogen

Front 16

Hallmarks of Staph food poisoning

Back 16

Rapid onset 4-6 hours
pre-formed
amount ingested
quick resolution
resistant to boiling (30min)
resistant to GI enzymes
mayo salads, processed meat, baked foods

Front 17

food associated with staph poisoning

Back 17

processed meat
mayo salads
baked goods

Front 18

waht do these staph toxins cause:
A
B
C,D

Back 18

A- food poisoning
B- pseudomembranous colitis
C,D- contaminated milk products

Front 19

TSST

Back 19

staph aureus
multiple organ failure
induces TNFa, TNFB, interferon

Front 20

cutaneous skin manifestations of staph

Back 20

furuncle, folliculitis
carbuncle
bullous impetigo
impetigo

Front 21

what causes Endocarditis

Back 21

S. epidermidis

Front 22

staphylococcus saprophyticus

Back 22

UTI only

Front 23

how can you distinguish from epidermidis

Back 23

resistance to novobiocin

Front 24

staph virulence factors

Back 24

capsule
peptidoglycan
techoic acid
protein A
Clumping factor (binds fibrinogen)
altered penicillin binding protein

Front 25

enzymes secreted by staph

Back 25

staphylokinase
coagulase
catalase
hyaluroidase
staphylokinase
lipase
nclease
penicillinase

Front 26

toxins secreted by staph

Back 26

a toxin (a hemolysin)
B toxin (sphingomylinase)
Delta (detergent)
Leukocidin (perm. PMN)
Exfoliative (SSSS)
Enterotoxins A-E
TSST

Front 27

Syndrome from S. Aureus

Back 27

cutaneous infections
SSSS
TSS
food poisoning
wound infections
bacteremia (endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis)

Front 28

Syndroms of S. epidermidis

Back 28

endocarditis
prostethics/shunt infectiosn

Front 29

syndrome of s. saprophyticus

Back 29

UTI
RESISTANT TO NOVOBIOCIN

Front 30

syndrome of S. Lugnunesis

Back 30

native valve endocarditis

Front 31

4 characteristics of S. pyogenes (group A)

Back 31

Gram+ cocci in chains or pairs
B hemolytic
catalse -
BACITRACIN SENSITIVE

Front 32

4 cellular components of S. Pyogenes

Back 32

Cell wall: peptidoglycan
capsule: hyaluronic acid
Mprotein: antiphagocytic
lipoteichoic acid: binds to host

Front 33

7 extracellular products of S. pyogenes

Back 33

C5a peptidase
streptolysin O: RBC/WBC
streptokinase: fibrin
streptodornase: DNA
hyaluronidase: spread thru CT
pyrogenic exotoxins ABC
protease: augment invasion

Front 34

superficial disease caused by Group A strep

Back 34

Pharyngitis (+rash= scarlet fever)

Impetigo

Front 35

invasive diseases caused by Group A strep

Back 35

Puerperal sepsis
Erysipelas and necrotising fasciitis
Lymphangitis/adenitis
streptococcal sepsis and STSS

Front 36

2 post-infectious sequelae of Group A strep

Back 36

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

acute rheumatic fever: arthritis, carditis, chorea

Front 37

growth characterisitcs of streptococci

Back 37

complex medium
Lactic acid producers
sugar Fermentation pattern can be used for ID

Front 38

Hemolytic activity of Strep

Back 38

a- incomeplete (green)
B- complete
G- none

Front 39

Group B strep ID

Back 39

most B hemolytic
CAMP test
Blood, CSF, genital cultures used most

Front 40

Group B strep pathogenesis and Rx

Back 40

overwhelm immature immune system of newborn

penicillin

Front 41

Strep B diseases

Back 41

most important cause of:
neonatal sepsis
meningitis

maternal obstetric infection

Front 42

Where is group D strep found normally

what does it cause

Back 42

normal intestinal flora

UTI
peritonitis
subacute bacterial endocarditis

Front 43

lab ID of gropu D strep

2 organisms of group D

Back 43

enterococcus and strep bovis

gamma hemolytic
grows in bile esculin
6.5%NaCl

Front 44

Tx for group D

Back 44

ampicillin and gentamicin


there is vancomycin resistant enterococci- VRE needs newer antibiotics

Front 45

where is viridians strep normally found

what does it cause?

Back 45

upper respiratory tract

SBE, dental caries

Front 46

Lab ID of viridians

Back 46

a-hemolytic that is not strep pneumoniae

Front 47

pathogenesis of Viridians diseases

Rx

Back 47

SBE: bacteremia (from dental work) leading to inoculation of damaged heart valve

Dental caries: found in plaque-> lactic acid->

Penicillin

Front 48

strep pneumoniae virulence mechansim

Back 48

capsule

R (rough) mutants are avirulent

Front 49

Lab ID and diffrerentiation of strep pneumoniae from other apha stre

Back 49

Optochin test
mouse virulence
inulin fermentation
bile solubility

all these are pneumo +, a strep -

Front 50

Diseases caused by S. Pneumoniae

Back 50

Lobar pneumonia
otitis media
sepsis
meningitis (now most important cause)

Front 51

Rx of pneumococci

Back 51

penicillin
but now resistance is up (20%)

Polysaccharide vaccine or new heptavalent conjugate vaccine (for peds)

Front 52

Neisseria
general bio

staining/ growth

Back 52

G- cocci
aerobic, non-motile,
non-spore forming
oxidase positive: purprle tatramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
difficult to grow-autolyze easy

Front 53

how are 4 neisseria differentiated?

Back 53

gonorroea- no fermentation from M/L/S->lactic acid

Meningitidis-> no L/S
lactamica-> no S
Sicca-> fermentation from all sugars

Front 54

what are non capsular cell wall antigen and structer that helps meningococci attaach to human cells

Back 54

Lipooligosaccharide- endotoxin like

pili

Front 55

where do carriers carry meningococci

and how is it transferred?

Back 55

nasopharynx

respiratory route

Front 56

what are 4 clinical manfestations of neisseria

Back 56

Bactermia w/o sepsis
meningococcemia (septicemia) w/o meningitis
meningitis
meningococemia with meningitis

Front 57

pathogenesis of meningitis and sepsis

Back 57

organisms reach blood stream from nasopharynx=> high fever and hemorrhagic rash develops, may reach CNS to cause meningitis.

may be fulminant sepsis, DIC, and circulatory collapse

Front 58

Dx of neisseria

Back 58

Blood and CSF culture
gram - diplococci in wbc CSF
Ag detection techniques