Neck I

Front 1

What make up the bones of the back?

Back 1

7 Cervical vertebrae
Hyoid
Clavicle
Manubrium of sternum

Front 2

Where is the hyoid bone located?

Back 2

suspended above the larynx, anterior to C3

Front 3

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Back 3

Helps support the tongue and serves as an attachment point for several muscles that help to elevate the larynx during swallowing and speech

Front 4

True or False; the hyoid bone articulates with other bones

Back 4

FALSE

Front 5

What makes up the superficial and lateral muscles of the neck?

Back 5

platysma, SCM, trapezius

Front 6

What innervates the SCM? Action of SCM?
What else is innervated by this nerve?

Back 6

CN XI; tilts head laterally and rotates head(to opposite side)

CNXI also innervates trapezius

Front 7

What innervates the platysma?

Back 7

CN VII

Front 8

Name all of the different fascias of the neck

Back 8

Superficial fascia, deep cervical fascia(investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral layers)

Front 9

What is contained within the superficial fascia?

Back 9

subcutaneous tissue, vessels, lymph nodes, fat. Contains the platysma in the front

Front 10

What important sheath is formed from the deep cerivcal fascia and what does it contain?

Back 10

carotid sheath; common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

Front 11

What are the three layers of the deep cervical fascia?

Back 11

Investing
Pretracheal
Prevertebral

Front 12

What are the attachments of the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia?

Back 12

Superiorly-cranial base
Inferiorly-scapular spine, acromion, clavicle

Front 13

What are the attachments of the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia?

Back 13

Superiorly-thyroid and cricoid cartilage
Inferiorly-pericardium

Front 14

What are the attachments of the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia?

Back 14

Extends from the base of the skull to T3, fuses with anterior longitudinal ligament

Front 15

What does the investing layer enclose?

Back 15

Surrounds entire neck deep to skin and superficial fascia
-splits to enclose trapezius, SCM, submandibular gland
-forms fibrous capsule around parotid
surrounds infrahyoid muscles

Front 16

What is enclosed by the pretracheal layer?

Back 16

Visceral compartment- thyroid, larynx, trachea, esophagus
*continues posteriorly as a buccopharyngeal fascia
*contributes to the formation of carotid sheath

Front 17

What is enclosed by the prevertebral layer?

Back 17

Forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and sclaene muscles anddeep muscles of back

Front 18

What fascia makes up the axillary sheath?

Back 18

prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia

Front 19

what makes up the carotid sheath? compartment?

Back 19

prevertebral and pretracheal fascia; neurovascular compartment

Front 20

Where is the carotid sheath found?

Back 20

base of cranium to root of the neck

Front 21

Where is the alar fascia found?

Back 21

between the pretracheal fascia and the prevertebral fascia

Front 22

What structures have the buccopharyngeal fascia?

Back 22

pharynx and esophagus

Front 23

What is the largest and most important interfascial space?
Importance?

Back 23

Retropharyngeal space; opened inferiorly to the posterior mediastinum making infection easily spread from the neck to the mediastinum.

Front 24

Name the two major triangles of the neck

Back 24

posterior and anterior

Front 25

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

Back 25

Anterior – SCM
Posterior – trapezius
Inferior – clavicle

Front 26

What are the divisions of the posterior triangle?

Back 26

occipital triangle
omoclavicular (subclavian)
triangle

Front 27

Boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Back 27

Anterior – median line of neck
Posterior – SCM
Superior – mandibule

Front 28

Divisions of the anterior triangle?

Back 28

A – submandibular triangle
B – carotid triangle
C – muscular triangle
D – submental triangle

Front 29

Cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus (c1-C4) supply what?

Back 29

* the skin of the neck,
* superolateral thoracic wall
* scalp between the auricle
and external ocipital protuberance

Front 30

What are the four cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus and what are their roots?

Back 30

Lesser Occipital C2,3
Great Auricular C2,3
Transverse cervical C2,3
Supraclavicular C3,4

Front 31

Dorsal rami of C2 makes up what nerve?
Dorsal rami of C3?

Back 31

C2-greater occipital
C3- 3rd occipital nerve

Front 32

External jugular is formed by the union of what? crosses what muscle?

Back 32

retromandibular and posterior auricular veins, crosses the SCM

Front 33

Where does the external jugular empty, what does it drain?

Back 33

empties into the subclavian and drains most of the scalp and side of face

Front 34

What is found along the external jugular vein?

Back 34

superficial cervical lymph nodes

Front 35

What muscles are found in the posterior triangle?

Back 35

SCM, trapezius, omohyoid(inferior belly), Scalene muscles, levator scapulae, splenius

Front 36

What two structures pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

Back 36

roots of brachial plexus
subclavian artery

Front 37

What nerves lie in the posterior triangle?

Back 37

CN XI, cervical plexus(cutaneous and motor branches; ansa cervicalis and phrenic), brachial plexus

Front 38

What are the motor branches of the cervical plexus and their roots?

Back 38

Ansa cervicalis C1-C3-innervates infrahyoid muscles except the thyrohyoid
Phrenic nerve C3-C5-innervates diaphragm

Front 39

branches of the subclavian artery?

Back 39

1.Thyrocervical trunk- transverse cervical, suprascapular, inferior thyroid, ascending cervical
2.Costocervical trunk- deep cervical, supreme intercostal
3.Vertebral artery

Front 40

Compression of what artery by the first rib can control bleeding in the upper limb?

Back 40

subclavian artery

Front 41

Where does the vagus nerve lie?

Back 41

between the common carotid and the internal jugular

Front 42

Submental triangle boundaries? Contents?

Back 42

Inferiorly-hyoid
laterally-anterior bellies of digastric
Floor-two mylohyoid muscles
Contains submental lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form anterior jugular vein

Front 43

Submandibular triangle boundaries? contents?

Back 43

Superiorly-Mandible
laterally-posterior belly of digastric
medially anterior belly of digastric
floor=mylohyoid
Contents=submandibular gland, lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve CN XII, parts of facial artery and vein

Front 44

Carotid triangle boundaries and contents?

Back 44

superiorly-posterior belly digastric
laterally-SCM
medially-omohyoid superior belly
Contains common carotid(external and internal carotids) internal jugular vein and vagus n. All enclosed in carotid sheath.The ansa cervicalis lies on the anterolateral aspect of the carotid sheath.

Front 45

What is the carotid sinus?
Innervatioin?
Function?

Back 45

Dilation at the origin of the internal carotid artery
CN IX and CN X
Baroreceptor-reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure

Front 46

What is the carotid body?
Innervation?
Function?

Back 46

Mass of tissue laying in the bifurcation of common carotid artery.
CN IX and CN X
Chemoreceptor- monitors oxygen in blood

Front 47

Muscular triangles boundaries?
contents?

Back 47

laterally-SCM, omohyoid superior belly
medially-midline of neck
Contents=infrahyoid muscles, thyroid