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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acetominophen [Tylenol}
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antifever
mild to moderate pain primary alternative to NSAIDS hepatoxic in large doses inhibits warfarin metabolism--> can cause warfarin to reach toxic levels treat overdose with N-acetylcysteine |
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Aspirin [ASA, Acetylsalicylic Acid]
NSAID |
treatment of mild to moderate pain associated with inflammation, tx of fever
anticoagulant (reduce risk of MI, stroke, colorectal cancer) most serious effect= GI complaints, GI bleeding discontinue 1 week prior to surgery excreted in urine contraindicted in children and adolescents--> Reye's Syndrome contraindicated with vit K and peptic ulcer disease |
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NSAIDS
[Ibuprofen, Naproxen sodium (Aleve), meloxicam, toradol COX 2-Inhibitors |
treatement of moderate pain associated with inflammation, fever, arthritis
GI complaints, GI bleeding take with food to decrease GI upset contraindictated with peptic ulcer disease monitor RENAL FUNCTION and UO with long-term use caution with pt hx of heart failure, HTN, or MI |
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Tramadol
NO abuse potential |
moderate to severe pain and chronic pain
S/E: drowsiness, dizziness, HA, n/v, comstipation seizures have been reported |
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Hydromorphone [dilaudid]
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moderate to severe pain, when needed for a prolonged time
tablet form in extended-release RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION and bradycardia constipation overdose= narcan |
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morphine sulfate
[duramorph, MS contin, depodur] |
relief of moderate to severe pain
DOC of MI pain (decreases workload of heart) preanesthetic RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION orthostatic hypotension comstipation contrainindication in patient's with GI obstruction abused easily overdose= narcan |
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Merperidine
[Demerol] |
moderate to severe pain
pre-op sedation *preferred OB analgesic drowsiness, dizziness, respiratory depression, constipation, n/v cause in elderly and debilitation disease avoid in pt with hepatic or renal disease overdose--narcan |
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Fentanyl
[duragesic, sublimaze] |
short-acting moderate to severe pain
good when around-the-clock pain management is needed breakthrough pain with cancer patch form for chronic pain constipation, dizziness, euphoria, hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression, circulatory depression, cardiac arrest overdose=narcan |
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Codeine
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mild to moderate pain
antitussive and cough suppressant less resp effects than others dizziness, euphoria, drowsiness, constipation, hypotension, bradycardia, pruritis |
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Vicodin, Lortab, Percodan, Percocet, Oxycontin
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mild to moderate pain
combined with NSAIDS, aspirin, acetominophen constipation monitor for hepotoxicity for long-term use with acetaminophen |
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Aminoglycosides
[gentamicin (garamycin), tobramycin (nebcin), neomycin, streptomycin |
indicated for gram- infections
given parenterally irreversible ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity baseline hearing test peak and trough levels indicated monitor BUN and creatinine levels increase fluids 1500-2000 mL/day GI complaints, rash, fever, dizziness, tinnitus, anaphylaxis |
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Cephalosporins
("cef"s) |
indicated for gram- infections
contraindicated for pt who have had an anaphylactic allergic reaction to PCN skin rashes, GI complaints bleeding tendencies, IM injection pain, thrombphlebitis monitor use in renal patients |
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Macrolides
[azithromycin, clarithromycin, erthromycin] |
broad-spectrum
good alternative to PCN allergy administer on empty stomach--> destroyed by gastric acid contraindicated with liver disease GI upset, suprainfections, heptotoxicity, dysrhythmias, ototoxicity, anaphylaxis |
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Penicillins
["cillin"s] |
treatment of gram+ infections
give separately from aminoglycosides generally well tolerated monitor in renal patients oral absorption limited by the presence of food, empty stomach preferred |
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Fluoroquinolones
[Ciprolfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin] |
treatment of gram- infection
generally not first-line antacids, mineral supplements and multivitamins interfer monitor BUN and creatinine monitor I&O GI complaints, dizziness, HA, sleep disturbances, suprainfections, phototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, tendon/joint toxicity contraindicated in pregnancy and pt under 18 cipro DOC for anthrax |
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Sulfonamides
[bactrim, gantrisin, pediazole, silvadene, cetamide] |
broad spectrum
often treatment of UTI increase fluids to 2000-3000mL/day GI complaints, skin rashes, suprainfections, crystalluria, renal damage, phototoxicity, hyperkalemia, blood dyscrasias, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anapylaxis |
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Tetracyclines
["cycline"] |
broad spectrum
take on empty stomach strong affinity for calcium (don't administer with antacids) contraindicated during pregnancy, lactation and children under 8 photosensitivity and GI disturbances common GI compliants, skin rashes, suprainfections, phototoxicity, hepatoxicity, anaphylaxis |
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Antielminthics
[vermox, antiminth, pinworm capsules] |
treat whole family
teach good personal hygiene, handwashing adverse effects rare, possible GI complaints as the worms dies not recommended during pregnancy or pt under 2 |
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Antimalarials
[Plaquenil] |
easier to prevent thatn treat it
GI compliants HA, agitation, photophobia, agranulocytosis, EKG changes |
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Antiprotozoals
[flagyl] |
dual activity against bacteria and parasites
may cause dark or reddish discoloration of urine GI complaints, HA, dizziness, thrombophelbitis, bone marrow suppression |
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VANCOmycin
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SEVERE gram- infections
DOC for tx of MRSA ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity baseline hearing recommended peak and trough levels monitor BUN and creatinine infuse over at LEAST 60 minutes on infusion pump and monitor BP ahd HR Red Man Syndrome: flushing, hypotension, tachycardia |
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Daptomycin
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reserved for serious skin, wound, abscess infection
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Imipenem-cilastin
[Primaxin] |
one of the broadest spectrums
low incident of adverse effects |
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Clindamycin
[Cleocin] |
broad spectrum antibiotic
often for oral infections rash, pruritis, difficultly swallowing |
