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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
5 disorders that are characterized by alterations in protein metabolism?
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alteration in PROTEIN metabolism:
1. PKU 2. Gout 3. Celiac dz (sprue) 4. Renal failure 5. Protein allergy |
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What is PKU?
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Phenylketonuria (PKU): an inborn error of PHENYLALANINE utilization
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Since phenylalanine can't be used in a pt w/ PKU, what can happen?
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high levels of phenylalanine in the blood that can lead to MR
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What dietary adjustment must be made for an infant w/ PKU?
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infant w/ PKU:
1. LOFENALAC: specially prepared milk substitute for infants |
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What dietary adjustments must be made for children w/ PKU?
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children w/ PKU: LOW-PROTEIN DIET.
1. no meat 2. no dairy products 3. no eggs 4. no NutraSweet |
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What is gout?
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Gout: an inborn error of PURINE metabolism
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What does gout cause?
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gout: high URIC ACID levels in the blood that can lead to progressive joint deterioration
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What type of diet should a pt w/ gout be on?
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gout diet: LOW PURINE diet:
1. no fish 2. no organ meats |
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What is celiac dz?
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celiac dz: (sprue) inborn error of WHEAT and RYE metabolsim
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What does celiac disease cause?
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celiac dz:
1. intestinal malabsorption that leads to malnutrition 2. D 3. FTT |
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What type of diet should a pt w/ celiac dz be on?
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celiac dz diet:
1. no wheat 2. no oats 3. no rye 4. no barley |
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What are the consequences of RENAL FAILURE in relation to protein levels?
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renal failure: causes increased PROTEIN AND ALBUMIN LOSSES in urine, which leads to protein deficiency
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What type of diet should a pt w/ renal failure be on?
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RENAL FAILURE diet:
HIGH CALORIE, LOW protein diet as allowed by kidney fxn |
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What does protein allergy cause?
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D, which leads to malnutrition and water loss
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What type of diet should a pt w/ a protein allergy be on?
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change dietary protein source
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2 potential nursing dx for alterations in protein metabolism?
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1. nutrition: less than body requirements, altered
2. knowledge deficit r/t dietary restrictions |
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3 major diseases that are grounded in alterations in FAT METABOLiSM
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alterations in fat metabolism:
1. hepatobiliary dz 2. CF 3. atherosclerosis |
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What does hepatobiliary dz cause?
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hepatobiliary dz:
the DECREASE in BILE leads to fat malabsorption |
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Dietary considerations for HEPATOBILIARY DZ?
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HEPATOBILIARY DZ diet:
1. low fat 2. HIGH PROTEIN 3. vitamins |
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Which enzymes are deficient in pt w/ CF?
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CF pt have an ABSENCE OF PANCREATIC ENZYMES
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What can CF cause?
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the absence of pancreatic enzymes can lead to malabsorption of fat (and fat soluble vitamins) & weight loss
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Diet of a CF pt?
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1. COTAZYM PANCREAS: pancreatic enzyme replacement before or w/ meals
2. HIGH PROTEIN 3. HIGH CALORIE diet in advanced stages |
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If a pt w/ CF has an infection or lung dz, how does this impact the diet?
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increased need for CALORIES AND PROTEIN
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What is atherosclerosis?
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thickening and hardening of the arteries
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Risk factors for atherosclerosis?
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1. high blood cholesterol
2. high TG levels 3. diet 4. high BP 5. DM 6. stress 7. sedentary 8. smoking |
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Diet of a pt w/ atherosclerosis?
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1. LOW saturated fat
2. GIVE CHOLESTEROL LOWERING AGENTS before meals |
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Potential nursing dx for pt w/ alterations in fat metabolism?
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1. nutrition: less than body requirements, altered
2. knowledge deficit regarding dietary restriction |