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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What ion does respiratory imbalances affect?
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carbonic acid
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What ion does metabolic imbalances affect?
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bicarbonate
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Does respiratory acidosis occur with hypoventilation or hyperventilation?
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hypoventilation
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What is respiratory acidosis?
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hypoventilation results in the buildup of CO2, and carbonic acid then accumulates in the blood.
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What organ system is involved in compensation of respiratory acidosis?
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kidneys
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What do the kidneys do when a patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis?
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The kidneys conserve bicarb and secrete increased concentrations of hydrogen ions into the urine.
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How long does it take compensation to begin in acute respiratory acidosis?
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24 hours
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What happens to the serum bicarb level in respiratory acidosis?
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until the kidneys begin compensating, the bicarb remains in the normal range
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What are some common causes of respiratory acidosis?
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COPD
barbituatee or sedative OD Chest wall abnormality (obesity) severe PNA atelectasis respiratory muscle weakness mechanical hypoventilation |
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Does respiratory alkalosis occur from hypoventilation or hyperventilation?
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hyperventilation
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What is the pathology of respiratory alkalosis?
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There is increased CO2 excretion from hyperventilation. This results in hypoxemia. Increased CO2 causes decreased O2, and therefore decreased carbonic acid.
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How does the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis?
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Compensated respiratory alkalosis is rare, as in acute repsiratory alkalosis aggressive treatment of the cause usually does not allow time for compensation.
Acute: bicarb shifts back into cells in exchange for chloride Chronic: renal excretion of bicarb |
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what are some causes of chronic respiratory alkalosis?
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Pulmonary fibrosis
CNS depression |
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What are some causes of hyperventilation respiratory alkalosis?
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hypoxia, pulmonary emboli, anxiety, fear, pain, exercise, fever
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What are some causes of an overstimulated respiratory center that causes respiratory alkalosis?
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)
Stimulated respiratory center: septiciemia, encephalitis, brain injury, salicylate poisoning Also: mechanical hyperventilation |
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What causes metabolic acidosis?
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A lack of bicarb. this can occur in two ways:
it occurs when acid other than carbonic acid accumulates in the body OR when bicarb is lost from body fluids |
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What body system is involved in compensating for metabolic acidosis?
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lungs
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How does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis?
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There is a compensatory response of CO2 excretion from the lungs through Kussmaul breathing. The kidneys may also excrete additional acid
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What causes metabolic acidosis?
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DKA
Lactic Acidosis Starvation Severe diarrhea Renal tubular acidosis Renal failure GI fistula Shock |
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What is metabolic alkalosis?
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Having too much bicarb. This can occur two ways:
through a loss of stomach acid, or a gain in bicarb |
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How is metabolic alkalosis compensated?
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There will be a decreased respiratory rate to increase plasma CO2. The kidneys will also excrete some bicarb.
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What causes metabolic alkalosis?
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Severe vomiting
Excessive gastric suctioning Diuretic therapy Potassium deficit Excess HaHCO3 intake (too many antacids) Excessibe mineralcorticoids |
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Sedative overdose
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respiratory acidosis
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severe vomiting
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metabolic alkalosis
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renal failure
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metabolic acidosis
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diuretic therapy
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metabolic alkalosis
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severe pneumonia
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respiratory acidosis
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encephalitis
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respiratory alkalosis
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DKA
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metabolic acidosis
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potassium deficit
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metabolic alkalosis
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severe diarrhea
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metabolic acidosis
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salicylate poisoning
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respiratory alkalosi
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