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179 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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talosa-hunt syndrome
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idiopathic inflammation in the apex of orbit. painful
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Apert's syndrome
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skull fuses too quickly, may have orbital deformities
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Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Primary malignancy of orbit in children. males. rapid.
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T/F cavernous hemangiomas are tumors in the cavernous sinus?
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F - it is vascular, name is misleading
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Duane's Retraction Syndrome cause?
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CN 3 innervates CN 6
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Mobius Syndrome
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esotropia, can't look out. CN 6 and CN 7.
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some causes of congenital nystagmus
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CSNB, Albinism, Leber's, Congenital cataracts.
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Arnold Chiari causes what kind of nystagmus?
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downbeat
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Myotonic Dystrophy causes what eye signs?
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Bilateral ptosis, miotic, cataracts.
(Chromosome 19, AD) |
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INO is caused by a lesion where?
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MLF. no add ipsi and no abd contra.
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1 and a half syndrome?
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can't gaze ipsi and can't add contra
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Vertical palsies most often are due to?
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pineal tumors
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Causes of Oculogyric crisis?
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phenothiazines and parkinson's
(eyes are stuck in upgaze) |
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Paton's sign: Conj microaneurysms due to this disease:
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Sickle cell
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Paton's lines: retinal folds due to:
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ONH edema
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Shaefer's sign due to?
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Retinal tears
(vitreous pigment, tobacco dust) |
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Seclusio pupillae
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iris bombay
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occlusio pupillae
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membrane covers pupil
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Hydroxyamphetamine test in Horners. If no dilation =?
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postganglion lesion
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pupil abnormalities: Miotic pupil
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Horner's and argyll-robertson
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Pseudoexfoliative syndrome is a disorder of what tissues? who are they found in? who are they not found in?
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Basement membrane disorder. In Scandinavians, not Eskimos.
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Homocystinuria AR causes?
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lens subluxation down
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Retinoschisis is in what layers of the retina?
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INL and OPL in older
NFL splitting in kids. |
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Coat's disease aka Leber's military aneurysms
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young males with fat coats join the military.
-get microaneurysms and lipid deposits. |
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What causes sea fan neo?
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sickle cell and late leukemia
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CSME definition (3)
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1. thickening in 500 um
2. hard exudates in 500 um 3. 1DD of thickening 1 DD from macula |
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Severe NPDR definition
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4-2-1 rule
4 quad MA 2 quad vitreal beads 1 quad IRMA |
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High risk PDR definition
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1/3 disc has NVD
NVD + a heme NVE of 1/2 disc + heme |
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P.O.R.N. related to what disease?
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HZV
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vitreal snowballs are signs of?
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int uveitis
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Pre-eclampsia
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Pregnant with HTN, proteinuria, edema
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Rubella has what effect on the retina
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salt and pepper
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Angiod streaks are defects where in eye?
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Bruch's membrane
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Peu d orange
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angiod streaks
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Causes of angiod streaks
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PXE (1), paget's, sickle cell, thalassemia, Ehler's danlos.
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Causes of Bull's eye on retina
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Antimalarials, ARMD, Stargardt's/fundus flaviculamitis (sp?)
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Telecanthus (eyes far apart) is due to?
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Fetal alcohol syndrome
Waardenberg's syndrome |
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Scleritis is commonly associated with this
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RA
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scleral icterus
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yellow sclera from jaundice
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Verticillata
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Whorl keratopathy
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Gout: eye sign
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yellow crystals and band keratopathy
Podagra in gout. |
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Acute Endophthalmitis is often due to infection of what?
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Acute: gram + 94%. Staph infection from surgery
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One cause of bilateral uveitis
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IBD
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Posner-Schlossman
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Glaucomatocyclitic crisis
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Alport's disease is a BM disease that can cause this eye sign?
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anterior lenticonus
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Brushfield's spots on iris is associated with?
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Down's syndrome
also have snowflake cataracts |
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Berlin nodules are found where on the eye?
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in AC angle
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Sunflower cataracts?
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Wilson's disease
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HLA defects are in chromosome 6. Name the diseases associated with this.
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A29=birdshot choroidopathy
B5 = behcets B8 = sjogren's B12 = OCP B27 = AK, Reiter's, IBD, psoriatic other: VKH |
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Alexander's law
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jerk nystagmus, worse in direction of the fast gaze.
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Berlin's edema
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commotio retinae. White retina from lifting of photoreceptors. commonly due to trauma
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Bonnet's sign
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AV crossing BRVO
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Fleischer's ring vs Kayser-Fleisher's ring
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Fleischer's = Keratoconus line
Kayser-fleischer's = in Wilson's disease |
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Herbert's pits
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limbal follicles - trachoma
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Hollenhorst plaques are found in?
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the retina in BRAO and CRAO. digital massage! emergency!
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trantas dots
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limbal white dots in VKC. eosinophils.
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hutchinson's pupil
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dilation during coma CN3 lesion.
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RP: sine pigmentosa
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RP without the retinal signs, no bone spicules
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RP is most often related to which syndrome?
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usher's syndrome - neurological hearing loss from birth.
Leber's syndrome |
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in albinisim you lack?
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melanin from tyrosinase
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von Hipple Lindau
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AD
red growths |
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Sturge Weber
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Tomatoes and wine
Tomato red retina. port wine stains. nevus flammeus. (if in upper lid, look for Glc) |
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Racemose/Wyburn-Mason
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looks like octopus legs bvs
Mason, mouse, octopus |
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Tuberous sclerosis/Bourneville's disease
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white leaf on skin, serizures, retardation, red rash
eye: mulberry lesion, astrocytic Mulberry leaves in Bournesville |
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looks like a grape cluster
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cavernous hemangioma
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Optic neuritis common in this systemic disease
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MS
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ONH Hypoplasia has what eye sign?
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double ring sign.
Mom: had DM, dilantin, quinine, alcohol, LSD |
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Aminoglycosides have what toxicity?
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Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity
AmiNOgycosides |
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Typhoid fever TX?
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chloramphenicol
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Sulfonamide MOA
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PABA, folic acid blocker.
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VIRAL TX: blocks absorption and penetration
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amantidine and IDU
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VIRAL TX: protein synthesis blockers
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methisazone -small pox
Rifampin - TB |
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VIRAL TX: blocks RNA/DNA synthesis
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Acyclovir, Cytarabine, Vidarabine
Interfereons - can cause anemia |
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TBUT in EBMD
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instantaneous
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lipid defects due to:
Aqueous defects due to: Mucin defects due to: |
lipid: meibomitis, Staph, blepharitis
Aqueous: lacrimal decrease, sjogren's, drugs Mucin: OCP, SJS |
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AR corneal dystrophy.
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Macular dystrophy
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Vd=?
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dose/[drug]
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steady state dose?
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4 half life's
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what adrenergic drugs bronchodilate?
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B2.
beta blockers bronchoconstrict. Alpha agonists bronchoconstrict. B1 acts on the heart. |
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Dopamine acts on? more dopamine causes? less causes?
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B2
more: schizophrenia less: parkinson's |
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What adrenergic drugs is contraindicated in asthmatics?
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beta blockers and alpha agonists and alpha blockers.
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Atropine Side effects?
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hot as a hare, mad as a hatter, dry as a bone, blind as a bat.
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chloride sweat test is used for?
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Cystic fibrosis
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ganglionic cholinergic antagonists?
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turbocuraraine, trimethaphan, succinylcholine
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Irreversible Cholinergic agonists
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Echothiophate, isothiophate
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Drug for turbocurarine overdose?
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Neostigmine
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"sartan"s
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ARB
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"prils"
used for? |
ACE Inhibitors
CHF and HTN |
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saralasin
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angiotensin 2 competitor
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Kinins
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vasodilators
HTN |
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Ergot alkaloids - Pergolide
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migraines.
vasoconstriction |
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"tidine"s
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Antihistamines
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"zolines"
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decongestants - vasoconstriction
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"Prazole"s
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Proton pump inhibitors
prilosec, nexium |
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sulcrafate
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mucus protection
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peptic ulcers - infection from?
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H pylori
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Parkinson's TX
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L dopa, Bromocriptine, Pergolide, MAOI, COMT inhibitors. Amantidine
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Carbamazepine MOA
(tegretol) |
blocks NE reuptake and Na.
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valproic acid
(Depakene) |
GABA, anticonvulsant
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anesthetic amides
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long lasting: lidocaine, bupivacaine
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anti - GH
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somatostatin
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anti-parathyroid hormone
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calcitonin
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myxedema
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hypothyroidism - goiter, cold, puffy face.
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glucocorticoids 4 actions
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decrease capillary permeability
move WBC to lymph decrease lymphocyte and macrophage function decrease Ab production |
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steroid side effects
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adrenal insufficiency, decrease pituitary ACTH
Na retention, edema, HTN decrease Ca abs increase IOP hyperglycemia (DM) fat on face and back peptic ulcer and change in behaviors. |
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analgesic toxicity TX
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naloxone
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"pam"s
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benzodiazepines
anxiety, sleep disorders, convulsions. |
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Isoniazid MOA
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blocks mycolic acid in wall. (TB)
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macrolides excreted in?
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bile
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rifampin MOA
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binds to RNA polymerase
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Sulfanamides
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Trimethoprim
DHF reductase. |
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anti-tapeworm MOA
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praziquantel, niclosamide
calcium influx. |
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spironolactone is a?
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potassium sparing diuretic.
aldosterone antagonist |
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alpha 2 agonists
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methyldopa, clonidine, decrease CNS.
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masks hypoglycemia
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beta blockers.
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angiotensin antagonists act where?
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beta blockers can't make angiotensin 1. ACE Inhibitors (captopril) can't make angiotensin 2, Saralasin competes with angiotensin 2.
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Na channel blockers
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local anesthetics (caines)
anti arryhthmics. |
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Ca channel blocker
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verapamil.
antiarryhthmics |
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prinzmetal's angina
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vasospastic angina
No Beta blockers! |
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nitroglycerin
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vasodilation
anti-angina. |
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Streptokinase
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clotting
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"statin"
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anti-hyperlipidemia
HMG coA reductase. lens opacities |
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anti aldosterone
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spironolactone
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gout TX
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probenecid, anturane
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T/F Beta blockers side effect is dry eye
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T
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Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
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lots of IgM. older pts.
tortuous bvs. roth spots |
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Sarcoid
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non-caseating granulomas: ONH, retina, candle wax periphlebitis. vitreal pearls.
bimodal age: young or really old. |
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bonnet's sign
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av pinching in BRVO
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HTN retinopathy eye signs:
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macular star from edema, nicking bvs, CWS, hemes.
Hallmark: ONH swelling |
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OIS
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men, older, internal carotid.
pain. dilated bvs, not tortuous. |
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viagra can cause this in eye:
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NAION - disk at risk
cyanopsia - blue vision. |
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GCA tests:
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ESR and C reactive protein.
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ICE syndromes
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Chandler's - more edema
Cogan-Reese - more iris PIA - bad iris atrophy |
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Calcoflour white stain
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acanthomoeba test
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Retinoblastoma
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chalky white growth in kids. Leukocoria. AD Chromosome 13.
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___ % of dry/non-exudative AMD goes to wet/exudative AMD?
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10-20%
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wet/exudative AMD types:
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classic - defined borders 13%
occult - poorly defined 87% |
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most common cause of Posterior uveitis?
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Toxoplasmosis. protozoan
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VF loss initially in RP pts
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mid-peripheral loss first (where the rods are most dense).
then goes to tunnel vision. |
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dragged retina
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ROP or myopic degeneration
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Pigment epithelial detachment (PED) due to:
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drusen under RPE.
1/3 get neo. |
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Stargardt's dystrophy eye signs:
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beaten bronze macula. yellow pisciform flecks.
stable by 20s |
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Best's disease/ vitelliform dystrophy
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lipofuscin: eye yolk macula --> scrambled egg. macular scarring.
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sarcoid prognosis
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1/3 get better
1/3 get worse 1/3 stay the same |
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situs inversus
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tilted disc that shows the temporal bvs leaving to the nasal side first before turning to temporal.
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top causes of disc edema
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HTN, DM
increased ICP, demylinating diseases. |
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Foster-Kennedy syndrome
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frontal lobe tumor that causes optic atrophy ipsilateral and disc edema contralateral
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high-arched palate
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Marphans AD. (subluxation w/zonules intact)
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Weill-Marchesani syndrome
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AD, CT disorder. small fingers.
small lens. |
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Lowe's syndrome
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X-linked, boys. AA metabolism error.
dwarfism, small lens and GLC. |
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myotonic dystrophy eye signs:
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cataract. AD.
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Galactokinase, can't metabolize galactose. Gives you this eye sign:
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lamellar cataract
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lichen planus
(skin) |
from Vit A deficiency
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sugar in corneal stroma
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Granular dystrophy (AR!)
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Hereditary syndrome associated with Keratoconus?
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Down's syndrome
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Gono culture tests:
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chocolate agar, blood agar, Thayer-Martin plate
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Impetigo is due to infections from:
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Staph or Strep
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AIDS CD4 count
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<200 CD4/uL
Normal: 500-1500/uL |
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catalase + for which bacteria?
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Staph. (vs Strep)
coagulase + = Staph aureus |
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Name the Pyrimidines
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Thymine, Cytosine, U
Py = Thy and Cy. |
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3' poly A tail =?
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200 adenine. RNA degredation prevention.
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DNA polymerase I vs III
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I: lagging strand, removes primer and connects
III: main polymerase. |
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which vitamin is used in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?
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B1: thiamin
beriberi if low. |
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stain for mycobacteria?
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acid-fast.
no cell wall. |
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largest nucleus in the cerebellum
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dentate nucleus
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floccularnodular node controls...
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equilibrium, balance, eye movements
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Basal ganglia input
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caudate nucleus and the putamen
output: globus pallidus |
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pH of the eye open and closed
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7.45/7.20
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cavernous sinus drains to the...
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petrosal sinuses
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Metabolic acidosis causes:
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Diabetes, diamox (acetazolamide)
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aminoglycosides have an eye side effect:
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epithelial keratitis
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Don't give pregnant women these drugs
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FAT
Fluroquinolones - hurt the bones Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines |
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MOA antimalarials
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rupture of membrane, autodigestion
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nodal point of the lens
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posterior pole
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Peridosis Fugax
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episcleritis of entire globe
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histo triad
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peripapillary atrophy
macular scar midperipheral scarring |
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biological motion is seen where in the brain?
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Posterior superior temporal sulcas only.
(schwartz) |
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Cones chromosomes
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M and L cones: X chromosome
S - Chromosome 7 Rhodopsin Chromosome 3 |
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cones peak sensitivities
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S = 426
M = 530 L = 557 or 552 |
