Naval Science

Front 1

Major Sea Power of Resonance?

Back 1

England
Spain Holland

Front 2

Triangular Trade?

Back 2

America to England to Africa to West Indies/America.

America to England:
Rum,Sugar,Cotton,Tobacco,oak,pine tar,hemp.
England to Africa:
Guns,gunpowder,manufactured goods
Africa to West Indies/America:
Slaves

Front 3

Battle of Lexington & Concord

Back 3

Revolutionary War

Front 4

Battle of Machias

Back 4

First Naval engagement of Revolutionary War.

Front 5

First ship to fly flag?

Back 5

USS Alfred

Front 6

Battle of Nassau

Back 6

First Cruise and one of the first engagements of the newly established continental navy and continental maries. Marines first amphibious landing.

Front 7

Battle of Flamborough Head

Back 7

(Bonhomme richard vs. serapis off northest coast of england)

John Paul Jones uttered phrase "I have not yet begun to fight" starting an American Naval Tradition.

Serapis Jib boom gets stuck on serapis boom.

Front 8

Birth of Navy?

Back 8

October 14 1775

Front 9

Letter of Marque

Back 9

Continental Congress and the various colonies issued (LOM) to privately owned armed merchant ships known as privateers. This restricted the privateering to certain areas and against certain flags.

Front 10

Tripoli Harbor?

Back 10

they say the ketch INTREPID into the harbor, the crew dressed as arabs, and with an italian pilot that spoke arabic, they posed as a Maltese vessel who had lost their anchor and needed refuge. The pirates on PHILADELPHIA handed them a line, the crew of INTREPID climbed up and took over the ship, and lit it on fire. Preble continued attacks afterward, and INTREPID sails back into tripoli packed with explosives to blow it up, but ship detonated early and killed the entire crew.

Front 11

Old Iron Sides?

Back 11

USS CONSTITUTION's battle with HMS GUERRIERE earned her the nickname "Old Ironsides.

Front 12

Andoconda Plan?

Back 12

The Anaconda Plan is the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War. Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two.

Front 13

Tribute?

Back 13

US finally agreed to pay $1M to release 115 sailors-over 1/6th of the entire US budget- and continued to pay $1M a year as tribute. When Thomas Jefferson took office in 1801, he refused to pay. The Bashaw of Tripoli declared war.

Front 14

War 1812?

Back 14

While Thomas Jefferson was willing to be stern with Barbary pirates, he was not looking to pick a fight with England. Her navy had at this point consisted of over 1000 ships and had decimated the French navy, and was now the most formidable navy in the world.

Front 15

Rebirth of Navy?

Back 15

1794-1812
The Constitution calls for a Navy in Article 1, section 8, powers of congress:

Front 16

Clipper Ship?

Back 16

Americans were the innovators in ship design (i.e., the Clipper ships).

Front 17

Civil War?

Back 17

North and south agree that to stop the spread of slavery, it would wither and die.
Nation deeply divided. 'Manifest Destiny' : expansion + slavery. Lincoln/Douglas debates drew huge crowds in Missouri on the issue of slavery. John Brown raids Harpers Ferry Armory in Virginia, tries to start slave insurrection, divides nation further.

Front 18

Harpers Ferry?

Back 18

JOHN BROWN raids Harpers Ferry Armory in Virginia, tries to start slave insurrection, divides nation further.

Front 19

What did north have?
What did south have?

Back 19

North-Manufacturing North developed:
1. Turret (guns in a trainable mount) on the USS MONITOR.
2. Navy expanded rapidly for blockade and escort duties.
3. Heavy use of “riverine” warfare to support the Army in campaigns along the Mississippi, Cumberland, James, and York rivers.
4. Navy captured most Southern ports with amphibious landings with the Army.
5. Largest Navy in the world in 1865.

South- developed the contact and wire controlled mine (called torpedoes at the time) to defend harbor entrances.

Front 20

Steam Ships of Navy?

Back 20

Armored ships were ordered in the 1880s by the Navy for the ABCD fleet (i.e., Atlanta, Brooklyn, Chicago, and Dolphin), moving the Navy away from sail and wooden ships to armored vessels with steam propulsion.

Civil War showed that wooden hull vessels could not stand up to new weapons and iron-clad warships. Merchant navy remained primarily wooden, sail-powered ships falling behind world competitors.

Front 21

Union Flag of Convince?

Back 21

American ships were under the British flag, as Asian crew members from the British empire were cheaper to hire than American crews.

British MOST POPULAR!!

Front 22

Britain's Largest ship?

Back 22

Drednots..?

Front 23

Alfred Thayer Mahan?

Back 23

(1840-1914), Father of Naval Theory
Lead to WW1

He drew on his experiences in the Civil War and a study of British sea power to formulate a maritime doctrine for the United States
in his book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783. He postulates that the greatness of any nation is directly related to their use of the sea for commercial purposes, and their command of the sea during war. The book cites numerous examples.

Front 24

Mahan claimed it necessary for the nation to six elements of sea power, which are?

Back 24

a. Geographical location
b. Physical conformation
c. Extent of territory
d. Adequate population to man the navy and merchant marine
e. National character (seafaring people)
possess
f. Character of government (democracy conducive to sea power) d. Mahan’s formula for national power

Front 25

Spanish & American War?

Back 25

1898

USS MAINE explodes in Havana harbor, inciting US public sentiment for war

Front 26

Great White Fleet?

Back 26

Great White Fleet (1905)
a. Teddy Roosevelt influenced by Mahan's book b. Great White Fleet: 16 ships, painted white (Navy peacetime scheme) with red gilding. Set sail from Hampton Roads in 1905 to
circumnavigate the globe, demonstrating that the United States was now a world power. 1. Navy learned it would now need colliers to refuel the ships away from established bases. First colliers were civilian-manned. 2. Led to building of Naval bases around the world to support the fleet.

Front 27

Battle of Jutland (1916)?

Back 27

Biggest Naval War during WWII...

The much sought after Mahanian battle between capital ships that was inconclusive. If Britain lost its fleet, it would lose the war and did not seek another confrontation. Germany feared losing its fleet and opening a front in the North Sea, also preventing confrontation. The British could blockade Germany from a distance with out risking its fleet.

Front 28

UBOATS & SUBS?

Back 28

used to sink merchant ships...which then resulted in ships to start traveling in convoy. The ships would have flags to notify the other ships when to turn in zig zag lines.

Front 29

Treaty of Versi?

Back 29

The Treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement signed after World War One had ended in 1918 and in the shadow of the Russian Revolution and other events in Russia. The treaty was signed at the vast Versailles Palace near Paris - hence its title - between Germany and the Allies.

Front 30

Depression 1920? What was made to help people of depression?

Back 30

The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 was an attempt to prepare for war and help the country out of depression

Front 31

U-boat campaign ended in 1915 due to?

Back 31

First unrestricted U-boat campaign ended in 1915 when the United States threatened war over the sinking of the Lusitania.

Front 32

Jones act?

Back 32

The Jones Act, establishing cabotage laws to bar foreign-flagged shipping in coastwise and inter coastal trade.

Front 33

WWII how did it start?

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1. August 1939: Germany invades Poland after Gliewitz incident

Front 34

Major powers during WWII?

Back 34

Germany/ Italy /Japan

Front 35

First Battle ships not seen?

Back 35

CORAL SEA WAR..

a) Codebreakers at Pearl Harbor find that Japan intends to invade Port Moresby in New Guinea, to build a base to take over
Australia.
b. ADM Chester Nimitz moves his fleet to Coral Sea
c. Tactical loss, strategic victory for US, Japan does not capture New Guinea.Turned the tide to US’s favor.
d. Set the stage for the dominance of naval aviation over surface ships and submarines.
Surface battles adjacent to islands initially go to the Japanese; but with the U.S.’s use of radar, the tide is turned in our favor.

Front 36

Admiral Yamotto?

Back 36

On 7 December 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor leads the U.S. to declaring war on Japan. Germany, an ally of Japan, then declares war on the United States. Ships lost at Pearl Harbor are old battleships.

Front 37

Battle Philippine Sea?

Back 37

a. Battle of the Philippine Sea -- American carrier aviators devastate Japanese carrier pilots in a single day, defending the beachhead on Guam.

Resulting in Kamikaze pilots bec people didnt know how to fly.

Front 38

Liberty Ships?

Back 38

Liberty ships:
Builders: 18 shipyards in Planned: 2,751 Completed: 2,710 Preserved: 2
and only “Total War” in that each side fought to completely dominate (conquer) its enemy with all of
the USA
General characteristics Class and type: Cargo ship Displacement: 14,245 long tons (14,474 t)[1]
Length: Beam: 17.3 Draft: 8.5 Propulsion: Speed: 11 to 11.5 knots (20 to 21 km/h) Range: 23,000 miles (37,000 km) Capacity: 10,856 metric tons (10,685 long tons) deadweight (DWT)[1] Complement: 41 men Armament: Stern-mounted 4-in (102 mm) deck gun for use against surfaced submarines, variety of anti-aircraft guns
135m(441ft6in) m (56 ft 10.75 in) m (27 ft 9.25 in)
Two oil-fired boilers, triple-expansion steam engine, single screw, 2,500 horsepower (1,864 kW)
First ships took 230 days to build, got down to about 60. A california yard launched one 4 days after laying the keel, as a publicity stunt.