Nasal Cavities And Paranasal Sinuses Lecture

Front 1

two nasal cavities are separated by?

Back 1

by the nasal septum

Front 2

the framework of the nasal cavity is composed of? (which part is which)?

Back 2

-composed of bone and cartilage

-external nose (anterior nasal cavity): predominately cartilagenous

-posterior nasal cavity: predominantly bone

Front 3

what are the posterior openings of the nasal cavity called? and they open into?

Back 3

openings into the nasopharynx are the choanae

Front 4

major components of the nasal septum? small contribution by the?

Back 4

major: septal cartilage, vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

small: nasal bones and the nasal spine of the frontal bone

Front 5

highest part of the roof of the nasal cavity is formed by?

Back 5

by the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

Front 6

resting on the cribiform plate is the? passing through the foramina of the plate are?

Back 6

-resting on it is the olfactory bulb, passing through it are the olfactory nerves

Front 7

the roof of the nasal cavity more anteriorly?

Back 7

-nasal spine of frontal bone

-nasal bone

-lateral processes of septal bone

-major alar cartilages

Front 8

floor of the nasal cavities?

Back 8

-soft tissue of external nose (anteriorly)

-upper surface of the hard palate-- palatine process of maxillary bone, horizontal plate of patine bone

Front 9

in the floor of the nasal cavity, posteriorly, what is the upper surface of the hard palate made up of?

Back 9

-palatine process of maxillary bone

-horizontal plate of palatine bone

Front 10

the lateral wall of the nasal cavity is structurally complex with contributions from what 6 bones?

Back 10

-ethmoid bone- labyrinth & unicate process

-palatine bone- perpendicular plate

-sphenoid bone- medial plate of pterygoid proces

-lacrimal bone- medial surface

-maxillary bone- medial surface

-inferior concha- separate bone

Front 11

on the lateral wall, beneath the conchae are?

Back 11

the meatuses

Front 12

where is the sigmoidal recess located?

Back 12

on the lateral wall, right above the superior concha

Front 13

what are the 4 paired paranasal air sinuses?

Back 13

-frontal

-ethmoidal air cells (anterior, middle, posterior)

-maxillary

-sphenoidal

Front 14

where do the paranasal sinuses drain?

Back 14

into the nasal cavities

Front 15

paranasal sinuses grow as?

Back 15

grow as skull grows

Front 16

the frontal sinus drains via __into__?

Back 16

drains via the frontonasal duct into the middle meatus

Front 17

the three ethmoidal air cells drain where?

Back 17

anterior drains into frontonasal duct or infundibulum

middle drain onto the ethmoidal bulla

posterior drain onto lateral wall of superior meatus

Front 18

the maxillary sinus drains where?

Back 18

into semilunar hiatus

Front 19

where does the sphenoid sinus drain?

Back 19

into spheno-ethmoidal recess

Front 20

the sphenoidal sinus drains into ___where?

Back 20

into spheno-ehtmoidal recess above the superior conchae

Front 21

innervation of the frontal sinus?

Back 21

branches of the supraorbital nerve of V1

Front 22

innervation of ethmoidal sinus?

Back 22

-branches of nasocilliary from V1

-orbital branches of V2 from pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 23

innervation of the maxillary sinus?

Back 23

infraorbital and alveolar branches of V2

Front 24

innervation of sphenoidal sinus?

Back 24

-posterior ethmoidal branch of V1

-orbital branches of V2 from pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 25

Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy?

Back 25

_

Front 26

sinusitus? (what is it? most common in, why?)

Back 26

-inflammatory tissue of the sinus

-most common in the maxillary sinus because the ostium is located near the upper part of the sinus, and cilliary motility is essential for sinus drainage, so harder for them to move mucus upward to drain for maxillary sinus

Front 27

what is the terminal branch of the maxillary artery?

Back 27

sphenopalantine artery-- supplies most of the blood to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Front 28

blood supply to the nasal cavity?

Back 28

-opthalmic a. gives off anterior and posterior ethmoidals that come down through nasal cavity

-sphenopalatine a. -terminal branch of maxillary

-greater palatine- off maxillary, goes through incisive canal and anastomose with septal branches of sphenopaltine artery

-heisselbachs plexus

Front 29

what is the largest vessel supplying the nasal cavity?

Back 29

the sphenopalatine a.

Front 30

what branches does the sphenopalatine a. give off?

Back 30

-posterior lateral nasal

-posterior septal

Front 31

how does the greater palatine a. travel from the maxillary artery to the nasal cavity?

Back 31

travels from pterygopalatine fossa, through the greater palatine foramen, along roof of oral cavity and enters nasal cavity via the incisive foramen

Front 32

branches of maxillary artery to nasal cavity?

Back 32

-sphenopalatine

-greater palatine

Front 33

branches of opthalmic artery to nasal cavity?

Back 33

-anterior ethmoidal artery

-posterior ethmoidal artery

Front 34

how does the anterior ethmoidal artery get to the nasal cavity from the opthalmic artery and what does it do?

Back 34

-enters nasal cavity via a foramen immediately lateral to crista galli of the ethmoid bone

-branch to the septum

-lateral branch

Front 35

what does the posterior ethmoidal artery (off of the opthalmic artery) supply?

Back 35

the upper posterior lateral wall and septum

Front 36

anterior epistaxis ?

Back 36

-anterior nosebleed

-there are extensive anastomoses of arteries in the area of the anterior septum known as Kiesselbach's plexus : this is site of anterior nosebleeds that are easily stopped by pinching the nose

Front 37

posterior epistaxis?

Back 37

-about 10% of nosebleeds

-can be much more serious and more difficult to stop ; cause spehnopalatine artery is so large and lots of blood can come in

-require uncomfortable procedure of nasal packing

Front 38

venous drainage of the nasal cavity?

Back 38

much of the blood drains posteriorly into the pterygopalatine plexus or the cavernous sinus

Front 39

in regards to venous drainage of the nasal cavity, infections can drain back from __to__?

Back 39

can drain back from external nose or nasal cavity to the cavernous sinus (posterior drainage is typically gonna go deeper to pterygoid plexus)

-cavernous sinus thrombosis is a late complication of infection of the anterior face or the paranasal sinuses

Front 40

cavernous sinus thrombosis?

Back 40

is a late complication of infection of the anterior face or the paranasal sinuses that drained and spread into the cavernous sinus (could affect nerves in the cavernous sinus)

Front 41

maxillofacial death pyramid ("danger zone")?

Back 41

infections in this triangular region can spread posteriorly via venous drainage into the cavernous sinus

-can be the cause of cavernous sinus thrombosis

Front 42

olfactory nerve innervates?

Back 42

-special sense from olfactory epithelium

Front 43

what branches arise from the nasocilliary n (from V1) that innervate the nasal cavity?

Back 43

-anterior ethmoidal nerve

-posterior ethmoidal nerve

Front 44

branches of V2 that innervate the nasal cavity, originate in the___? and they are?

Back 44

-originate in the pterygopalatine fossa

-largest is nasopalatine n. which enters the nasal cavity via sphenopalatine foramen

-also entering via sphenopalatine foramen are posterior superior lateral and medial nerves

-posterior inferior lateral nasal n. (branches of greater palatine n) pass through small bony foramina to enter nasal cavity

Front 45

what nerves go through the sphenopalatine foramen to get to the nasal cavity?

Back 45

-nasopalatine n.

-posterior superior lateral n.

-posterior superior medial n.

*branches of V2

Front 46

innervation of nasal cavity?

Back 46

-olfactory nerve

-branches of V1 arise from nasociliary n. (anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves)

-branches of V2 (nasopalatine n, posterior superior lateral, posterior superior medial, posterior inferior lateral nasal-branch of greater palatine n.)

Front 47

parasympathetics of the nasal cavity?

Back 47

-preganglionic axons are in greater petrosal n. of facial n.

-postganglionic neurons are in pterygopalatine ganglion (these secretomotor axons travel with branches of V that enter the nasal and paranasal sinuses)

Front 48

sympathetics of the nasal cavity?

Back 48

-preganglionic neuron at T1 level of spinal cord-- synapse in superior cervical ganglion

-postganglionic axons travel in the carotid plexus:

-form deep petrosal n., which joins greater petrosal n. to form nerve of pterygoid canal

-travel with parasymps in branches of V

-these axons are vasomotor

Front 49

lacrimal apparatus?

Back 49

-nasolacrimal duct drains into inferior meatus

-puncta are holes on the ends of canaliculi

?

Front 50

what blood vessels anastomse to from Kiesselbach's plexus?

Back 50

septal branches of anterior ethmoidal and sphenopalatine, nasal artery of superior labial artery, terminal branch of greater palatine