Nas 365 Exam

Front 1

1. What does Omaha mean?

Back 1

Against the current

Front 2

2. What does lightning and thunder represent to the Omahas?

Back 2

Spirits returning back in the Spring and leaving in the fall.

Front 3

3. What was the name of the famous chief who was a Ponca Native American who successfully argued in U.S. District Court in 1879 in Omaha that Native Americans are "persons within the meaning of the law" and have the right of habeas corpus

Back 3

Chief Standing Bear

Front 4

4. What do most Native Americans believe in about their origin that goes against the theories centered around the Bering Straight migration theory (that the Native American people originated from humans that migrated from Asia across the sea bridge into North America)?

Back 4

In Situ Development

Front 5

5. What is unique about a Nation compared to smaller tribes and bands?

Back 5

Nations have sovereignty status.

Front 6

6. Indian structures facing the EAST usually represent what?

Back 6

Grandfather Sun

Front 7

7. Which of the following is part of the Omaha’s stages of life? A)Infancy B)Youth C)Adulthood D)Old Age

Back 7

E) All of the above

Front 8

8. What is the Omahas name for God?

Back 8

Wakonda

Front 9

9. Rob Bozel, our archeologist guest speaker mentioned what Law that was passed in 1990 to help protect Native Americans rights on the deceased?

Back 9

The Native American Graves Protection Act

Front 10

10. What is the name of the tribe in the Southwest that were sent to the boarding school in the movie Beyond the Mesas?

Back 10

The Hopi Tribe of Arizona

Front 11

11. Our Native American guest speaker spoke about how his people pray to God through ___________ in Spiritual Sweat Lodge Ceremonies similar to how Christians pray to God through the crosses they wear around their necks.

Back 11

Buffalo Skulls

Front 12

12. What tribe from Wisconsin was taken in by the Omahas?

Back 12

The Winnebago Tribe

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13. How many American Indian Natives live in the city of Omaha?

Back 13

15,000 people

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14. What are the 4 other sister tribes that Omaha people are closely related to?

Back 14

The Kansa or Kaw, Osage, Ponca, and Quapaw,

Front 15

15a. Describe the 4 directions/winds, and their corresponding colors?

Back 15

EAST: (yellow) 
-SOUTH: (black) 
-WEST: (red) 
-NORTH: (white)

Front 16

15b. Describe the 4 directions/winds, and what do they represent?

Back 16

EAST: towards the coming of the sun -SOUTH: towards heat
-WEST: towards where the sun goes down
-NORTH: towards cold

Front 17

16. What are the 4 stages of life?

Back 17

Infancy, youth, adulthood, and old age.

Front 18

17. What do the moon phases denote?

Back 18

Time

Front 19

18. How do Native people view themselves (3 degrees of perspective)?

Back 19

First as tribal members, then as Indians, and finally as Americans.

Front 20

19. What happens to spirits of people who commit suicide?

Back 20

Their spirit always wanders here on earth.

Front 21

20. How do the Omaha nation view suicide?

Back 21

They don’t believe in suicide, but that the spirits will always wander here on earth.

Front 22

21. What is the NAGPRA and what does it do?

Back 22

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act; protects the graves from being dug up by scientists, traders, etc.

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22. What are the 3 largest tribes in the United States?

Back 23

Cherokee, Navajo, and Sioux Nation.

Front 24

23. What is the “trust responsibility”?

Back 24

U.S. government has to oversee and protect the land the Indians have today.

Front 25

24. What happen to people’s sprits after their body dies, as believed by Native Americans?

Back 25

Their bodies go to the Milky Way.

Front 26

25. The owl is a symbol of what in the Omaha culture?

Back 26

It is a sign of bad luck.

Front 27

26. What are the (3) major health problems for Native American as today?

Back 27

Alcoholism, diabetes and cancer.

Front 28

27. What is the unemployment rate of Native Americans today?

Back 28

Around 60-80%

Front 29

28. In 1990 the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act was passed, what did this law require?

Back 29

It required museums to make inventory and tribes can make claims on the inventory.

Front 30

29. How did diabetes become such a great health issue for Native Americans?

Back 30

It was due to diet change, the lack of exercise, and the gene for diabetes.

Front 31

30a. What is the population of the Omaha Nation?

Back 31

about 6,000 total in population;

Front 32

30b. How many of these live off the reservation?

Back 32

3,000 live off the reservation.

Front 33

31. What is required to be considered part of the Indian Nation?

Back 33

One needs to have ¼ American Indian blood.

Front 34

32: Describe the turning of the child?

Back 34

After they learn to walk, children are presented to the 4 winds in the following order of directions: South, East, North, and West.

Front 35

33. Why are seat lodges so important to Native American culture?

Back 35

Sweat lodges are the equivalence to other religious centers (i.e. churches, temples, etc.).

Front 36

34. The rituals performed and each element of a sweat lodge are symbolic of what?

Back 36

Spirituality.

Front 37

35. How are sweat lodges symbolic of spirituality?

Back 37

The sweat lodge itself represents a mother's womb. The buffalo skull in the center of the sweat lodge is a mediator between the Creator and the people.