Narm Exam Prep

Front 1

Where is the fundus at postpartum day one?

Back 1

Just below the umbilicus

Front 2

Uterus involution occurs as a result of:

Back 2

Autolysis of protein material within the uterine wall.

Front 3

What is a NST?

Back 3

The Non-Stress Test watches fluctuations in the baby's heart rate in response to it's own movements. Listen with fetoscope for 20 sec for FHR changes in response to activity. Moderate acceleration=good

Front 4

Increased number and activity of endocervical glands are responsible for:

Back 4

the formation of the mucus plug.

Front 5

Normal blood pressure is:

Back 5

90/60 - 140/90

Front 6

How many fetal kick counts are expected in an hour?

Back 6

8-10

Front 7

Blood volume increases by _________ during pregnancy.

Back 7

40-45%

Front 8

Placenta accreta is:

Back 8

placenta implantation is abnormally firm to uterine wall.

Front 9

Placenta increta is:

Back 9

placenta attached to the myometrium.

Front 10

Placenta percreta is:

Back 10

placenta attached through the uterus- may extend to nearby organs (like bladder) :(

Front 11

What is IgG?

Back 11

Immunoglobulin G- antibody moleculesIgG antibodies are involved in predominantly the secondary immune response. The presence of specific IgG, in general, corresponds to maturation of the antibody response.[2] Human IgG Subclasses: IgG is the only isotype that can pass through the human placenta, thereby providing protection to the fetus in utero. Along with IgA secreted in the breast milk, residual IgG absorbed through the placenta provides the neonate with humoral immunity before its own immune system develops. Colostrum contains a high percentage of IgG, especially in bovine colostrum.

Front 12

What is IgM?

Back 12

Immunoglobulin M: Immunoglobulin M, or IgM for short, is a basic antibody that is produced by B cells. It is the primary antibody against A and B antigens on red blood cells. IgM is by far the physically largest antibody in the human circulatory system. It is the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to antigen.IgM antibodies do not pass across the human placenta (only isotype IgG).

Front 13

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is produced by the union of:

Back 13

Rh-negative mother and
Rh-positive father

Front 14

What is the difference between a direct and indirect coombs?

Back 14

The indirect Coombs test is used in prenatal testing of pregnant women. It detects antibodies against RBCs that are present unbound in the patient's serum.The direct Coombs test is used to detect antibodies or complement proteins that are bound to the surface of red blood cells in the fetus/newborn.

Front 15

What does a positive coombs from cord blood indicate?

Back 15

Antibodies coating the baby's RBCs.

Front 16

What is: Treponema Pallidum

Back 16

Is the bacteria that causes syphilis.

Front 17

Maternal malnutrition can lead to:

Back 17

1.) inadequate uteroplacental function
2.) IUGR & SGA
3.) hypertrophic & hyperplastic brain deterioration in the fetus

Front 18

What is Turner Syndrome?

Back 18

A sex chromosome abnormality, where the second x is missing or incomplete. Affects girls only- often short and infertile.

Front 19

cystic fibrosis=

Back 19

genetic disease characterized by abnormal transport of chloride and sodium across epithelium, leading to thick, viscous secretions in the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestine. affects caucasians, recessive gene

Front 20

sickle cell=

Back 20

is an autosomal recessive genetic blood disorder with overdominance, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Affects Blacks, anemia, average life span 40y, 1/5000 chance in U.S. 1/500 Black children

Front 21

Down's syndrome=

Back 21

is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. Risk factor: maternal age

Front 22

Edward's syndrome=

Back 22

a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 18th chromosome. 2nd most common after downs. kidney, heart and intestine problems, overlapping fingers, club foot, etc

Front 23

Patau syndrome=

Back 23

a chromosomal abnormality, a syndrome in which a patient has an additional chromosome 13 due to a nondisjunction of chromosomes during meiosis. often survive only days/weeks

Front 24

Tay Sachs=

Back 24

an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. In its most common variant, known as infantile Tay–Sachs disease, it causes a relentless deterioration of mental and physical abilities that commences around six months of age and usually results in death by the age of four.It is caused by a genetic defect in a single gene with one defective copy of that gene inherited from each parent. risk factors: ashkenazi descent, non-infantile, death by 41y

Front 25

What are the risks to the fetus if a non-sensitized mother acquires Rubella antepartum?

Back 25

for primary infection: deafness, heart defects, cataracts and mental retardation

Front 26

What is a circumvallate placenta?

Back 26

membranes double back for a short distance over the fetal surface when the chorionic plate is too small. There may be increased fetal loss with this condition and placental separation. fetal side of the placenta is smaller than the basal plate which is located on the maternal side.also called extrachorial placenta.

Front 27

What organism is thrush?

Back 27

candida albicans

Front 28

What is the main organism that causes a UTI?

Back 28

bacteria: Ecoli

Front 29

What organism is a mastitis infection typically caused by?

Back 29

bacteria: staphylococcus aureus

Front 30

What typically causes mastitis in breastfeeding women?

Back 30

caused by blocked milk ducts or milk excess. It is relatively common; estimates range depending on methodology between 5-33%. However only about 0.4-0.5% of breastfeeding mothers develop an abscess.

Front 31

What are three probable signs of pregnancy?

Back 31

enlargement of the abdomen
Hegar's signs: softening of uterus and cervix
Chadwicks sign:bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia caused by the hormone estrogen which results in venous congestion

Front 32

What are five presumptive signs of pregnancy that the mother may feel/see?

Back 32

1.amenorrhea
2. nausea and vomiting
3. breast changes
4. frequent urination
5. quickening

Front 33

Normal Hgb=
Normal Hgb at 2500 ft. elevation:

Back 33

11-13 gr.
higher than normal?

Front 34

What are tubal/ectopic pregnancy signs/symptoms of rupture? At what weeks gestation do they often occur?

Back 34

6-10 weeks gestation.
lower abdominal pain (often prior to bleeding)
vaginal bleeding
shoulder pain

Front 35

Rate of PPV?

Back 35

30/minute
Breath, 2, 3, Breath, 2, 3

Front 36

Rate of chest compressions?

Back 36

3:1 or 90/minute
1 and 2 and 3 and breath
1 and 2 and 3 and breath

Front 37

Rubella Titer (german measles)
non immunity:
immunity:
has infection:

Back 37

non immunity:<1:10
immunity: >1:10
has infection: >1:40-64
the absence of IgG rubella antibodies means that the person likely has not been exposed to the rubella virus or been vaccinated and is not protected against it. The presence of IgG antibodies but not IgM antibodies indicates a history of past exposure to the virus or vaccination and indicates that the person tested should be immune to the rubella virus.

Front 38

lochia rubra:

Back 38

red: day 2-3/5

Front 39

lochia serosa:

Back 39

pink/brown: day 3/5-10

Front 40

lochia alba:

Back 40

yellow/white: day 10-14

Front 41

Miscarriages are clinically diagnosed in __________ % of pregnancies?

Back 41

10

Front 42

Sperm survive and remain viable longer in a ______________ enviornment.

Back 42

alkaline.

Front 43

What secretes progesterone in the female reproductive system?

Back 43

corpus luteum (and placenta, later)

Front 44

What are white spots on the baby's tongue and gums that can easily be removed?

Back 44

milk residue

Front 45

What is polycythemia?

Back 45

increase in RBCs. measured through Hct. may be dehydration, heavy smoking, kidney disease

Front 46

Vitamin K is believed to prevent:

Back 46

newborn hemorrhagic disease, now called Vitamin K defiency in the newborn.

Front 47

What is a ELISA test? What does it typically test for during pregnancy?

Back 47

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Typically tests for HIV.

Front 48

How many days can you expect newborn meconium following birth?

Back 48

3

Front 49

Implantation occurs about__________ days after fertilization.

Back 49

7-9 days.

Front 50

The heart of the embryo is a distinguishable organ by the________ week.

Back 50

8th.

Front 51

Fetal sex organs have differentiated and are developed by the end of the ________ lunar month.

Back 51

second.

Front 52

A fetus that weighs 300gr, measures 18cm, and can suck and swallow amniotic fluid is approximately _________ weeks.

Back 52

20 weeks.

Front 53

Through what weeks are the embryonic stage?

Back 53

2-8 weeks.

Front 54

Chadwicks sign=

Back 54

bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia caused by the hormone estrogen which results in venous congestion.

Front 55

Hegar's sign=

Back 55

It pertains to the features of the cervix and the uterine isthmus. It is demonstrated as softening of the uterine consistency and the possibility to palpate or compress the connection between the cervix and the fundus. The sign is usually present from 4 to 6th week till 12 weeks of pregnancy. It is more difficult to recognize in multiparous women.

Front 56

Goodell's sign=

Back 56

is an indication of pregnancy. It is a significant softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix.

Front 57

When is the fetus most susceptable to teratogens?

Back 57

2-12 weeks

Front 58

The fetal heart begins beating at ______ week.

Back 58

4 weeks.

Front 59

The Brewer's diet recommends _______ gr. of protein/day

Back 59

80-100

Front 60

S.G.A.=

Back 60

Small for Gestational Age
poor fetal growth, potentially visual and hearing defects and mental retardation. suspect IUGR

Front 61

Days of typical human gestation:
From LMP:
From conception:

Back 61

280 from LMP
266 from conception

Mittendorf's study says: 288 days from LMP for primips and 283 days from LMP for multips

Front 62

Metrorrhagia=

Back 62

profuse bleeding from the uterus between periods

Front 63

position=

Back 63

relation of the presenting part to the 6 areas of the pelvic brim.

Front 64

attitude=

Back 64

the relationship of the fetal head to the trunk

Front 65

What is the L/S ratio?

Back 65

lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio. The lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio is a test of fetal amniotic fluid to assess for fetal lung immaturity. Lungs require surfactant, a soap-like substance, to lower the surface pressure of the alveoli in the lungs. This is especially important for premature babies trying to expand their lungs after birth. Surfactant is a mixture of lipids, proteins, and glycoproteins, lecithin and sphingomyelin being two of them.

Front 66

What L/S ratio indicates a low risk of RDS?

Back 66

An L/S ratio of 2 or more indicates a relatively low risk of infant respiratory distress syndrome

Front 67

What L/S ratio indicates a high risk of RDS?

Back 67

L/S ratio of less than 1.5 is associated with a high risk of infant respiratory distress syndrome. the concentration of lecithin in the amniotic fluid is <1.5 that of sphingomyelin

Front 68

During the first 10-12 weeks of pregnancy the corpus luteum:

Back 68

secretes progesterone to maintain the pregnancy until the placenta takes over.

Front 69

Constipation is usually the result of:

Back 69

prolonged stomach emptying time and decreased intestinal mobility

Front 70

Eutocia=

Back 70

normal labor

Front 71

1st degree laceration =

Back 71

perineal skin

Front 72

what is the curve of carus?

Back 72

sacrum, coccyx, pubic bones

Front 73

Irregular contractions with no dilation may be a sign of:

Back 73

latent labor

Front 74

What is the apgar score of 0, 1 & 2 for respirations?

Back 74

0=no breath
1=irregular breath/difficulty
2=crying

Front 75

What is the apgar score of 0, 1 & 2 for grimace?

Back 75

0=no grimace
1=facial grimace
2=sneeze pull away

Front 76

You can sterilize instruments by__________

Back 76

baking, boiling, pressure cooking, autoclave

Front 77

The placenta weighs approximately __________ the weight of the baby.

Back 77

1/5th

Front 78

Velamentous cord insertion=

Back 78

the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes (choriamniotic membranes), then travels within the membranes to the placenta (between the amnion and the chorion). The exposed vessels are not protected by Wharton's jelly and hence are vulnerable to rupture.

Front 79

succenturiate placenta =

Back 79

an accessory (succenturiate) placental lobe to the main disk of the placenta.

Front 80

A battledore placenta=

Back 80

A battledore placenta is a placenta in which the umbilical cord is attached at the border/edge of the placenta and so resembles a battledore racket (raquet) which is a precursor to badminton.

When the umbilical cord placental end looks like it is connected to the edge of the placenta it is called a marginal or 'Battledore insertion'.

Front 81

marginal insertion=

Back 81

insertion point occurs at the very edge of the placenta

Front 82

placenta triplex=

Back 82

Synonym for placenta tripartita ... A placenta consisting of three parts almost entirely separate, being joined together only by the blood vessels of the umbilical cord;

Front 83

What are the s/s of RDS?

Back 83

Insuction/retraction and grunting

Front 84

Vasa previa=

Back 84

fetal vessels crossing or running in close proximity to the inner cervical os. These vessels course within the membranes (unsupported by the umbilical cord or placental tissue) and are at risk of rupture when the supporting membranes rupture

Front 85

What are three clinical signs of maternal exhaustion:

Back 85

tachycardia/elevated pulse
tachypnea
fever/elevated temperature

Front 86

Hemorrhage is defined as blood loss that exceeds________cc/ml

Back 86

500

Front 87

Polyhydramnios is associated with____________.

Back 87

Urinary problems
IUGR
Gestational Diabetes

Front 88

Sock s/s and response:

Back 88

increased pulse, increased respirations, increased then decreased BP

02, IV, Blanket, nothing by mouth

Front 89

An essential hormone responsible for reproduction is:

Back 89

estrogen

Front 90

At _______ weeks the fetus has a full set of fingerprints

Back 90

15

Front 91

In newborns, an early sign of sepsis is:

Back 91

hypothermia

Front 92

What is the name of the temporary opening between the atria in the fetal heart which allows blood to pass (air does not pass through lungs)

Back 92

foramen ovale

Front 93

Disease that passes from parent to offspring across the placenta is transmitted by a:

Back 93

vertical spread

Front 94

The uterine muscles ________ & ______ to dilate the cervix

Back 94

Retract and contract

Front 95

Trophoblast=

Back 95

the outer layer of the blastocyst that becomes the placenta

Front 96

Name the stages of development to the embryonic stage:

Back 96

ZiMBabwE
Zygote
Morula
Blastocyst
Embryo

Front 97

Tachycardia in the fetus may indicate:

Back 97

fetal infection

Front 98

What does GTPALM stand for?

Back 98

Gravida
Term
Pre-term
Abortions
Live
Multiples

Front 99

Transmission of potential hereditary characteristics is the function of:

Back 99

genes

Front 100

How many chromosomes in the human cell?

Back 100

46 (23&23)

Front 101

The fetus receives oxygenated blood through the

Back 101

umbilical vein

Front 102

What are 3 positive signs of pregnancy?

Back 102

U/S, FHT, fetal movement felt by examiner

Front 103

Physiological jaundice is thought to be caused by:

Back 103

rapid destruction of RBCs

Front 104

A shrill, high pitched cry in a newborn may mean:

Back 104

increased intracranial pressure (hydrocephalus)

Front 105

Megaloblastic anemia=

Back 105

is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production.[1] When DNA synthesis is impaired, the cell cycle cannot progress from the G2 growth stage to the mitosis (M) stage. This leads to continuing cell growth without division, which presents as macrocytosis.

Front 106

What is megaloblastic anemia typically caused by? What condition is it associated with?

Back 106

Folic acid deficiency and/or vit. B-12 malabsorption.

Neural tube defects

Front 107

Pica=

Back 107

cravings to eat non-food substances such as ice, clay, dirt, starch or plaster.

Front 108

The three phases of a uterine contraction are:

Back 108

increment
acme (peak)
decrement

Front 109

When is an ultrasound most accurate?

Back 109

8-10 weeks

Front 110

MsAFP3 or Triple Screen gives this information:

Back 110

Blood serum levels of MsAFP, hCG, estriol

It screens for neural tube defects, trisomies and other abnormalities

Front 111

What is the risk of miscarriage with an amniocentesis:

Back 111

.5-1%

Front 112

When is an amnio typically done?

Back 112

15-20 weeks (but as early as 12)

Front 113

What does the BPP include?

Back 113

1. Non stress test
2. fetal movements
3. fetal breathing movements
4. fetal tones
5. AFI
6. Placental grading

Front 114

Testing for Rh-negative antibodies determines:

Back 114

if sensitization has occurred. potential for increased risk to the fetus.

Front 115

Which blood type can receive any type of blood and why?

Back 115

AB is the universal recipient

O is the universal doner

Front 116

What is HgB?

Back 116

is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cellsHemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (lungs) to the rest of the body (i.e., the tissues) where it releases the oxygen to burn nutrients to provide energy to power the functions of the organism, and collects the resultant carbon dioxide to bring it back to the respiratory organs to be dispensed from the organism.

Front 117

Hct is=

Back 117

packed cell volume (PCV) or erythrocyte volume fraction (EVF) is the percentage (%) of the concentration of red blood cells in blood. It is normally about 45% for men and 40% for women.

Front 118

What is a normal pulse, temperature and respirations in an adult?

Back 118

60-80bpm, 98.6F, 15-20pm

Front 119

What are s/s of hyperactive labor?

Back 119

contractions q 2m lasting 90s, rapid progressive cervical dilation, discomfort that seems out of proportion to ctx

Front 120

What labor pattern can you expect from a primip with a diagonal conjugate of 10cm?

Back 120

prolonged labor with failure of head to engage. a measurement of 10.5 is considered adequate

Front 121

What is a normal breathing pattern for a full term neonate?

Back 121

The abdomen is synchronous with the chest movements

Front 122

The average heartrate for a full term, quite and awake newborn is:

Back 122

120-140: davis says 110-150

Front 123

The neonate can contract syphilis from mom during:

Back 123

following 16 weeks of pregnancy

Front 124

sings of hypoglycemia in a newborn include:

Back 124

jitterniness Bluish-colored skin (cyanosis)
Breathing problems
Decreased muscle tone (hypotonia)
Grunting
Irritability
Listlessness
Nausea, vomiting
Pale skin
Pauses in breathing (apnea)
Poor feeding
Rapid breathing
Problems with maintaining body heat
Shakiness
Sweating
Tremors
Seizures

Front 125

What are the 4 pelvic joints

Back 125

symphysis pubic join
sacrococcygeal joint
2 sacroiliac joints

Front 126

What is erythroblastosis fetalis (hydrops fetalis)?

Back 126

Hemolytic disease of the newborn,

Front 127

Hemolysis leads to elevated --------------levels

Back 127

bilirubin

Front 128

A male child receives a _____chromosome from the mother and a ________ chromosome from the fater.

Back 128

x from mother and y from father

Front 129

Fertilization occurs normally in:

Back 129

the fallopian tubes

Front 130

What are s/s of hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Back 130

jaundice in the first 24 hours, enlarged liver

Front 131

lysis=

Back 131

breaking down of a cell

Front 132

Which STI affects the central nervous system?

Back 132

syphilis

Front 133

cervical cap=

Back 133

suctions to the cervix

Front 134

The chorion is a thick membrane that develops from__________

Back 134

tropholblasts

Front 135

at term the placenta is _____ of the baby's weight and has ______ cotyledons

Back 135

1/5-1/6
15-20

Front 136

Leopolds steps

Back 136

1.1 First maneuver: Fundal Grip
1.2 Second maneuver: Umbilical Grip
1.3 Third maneuver: Pawlick's Grip
1.4 Fourth maneuver: Pelvic Grip

Front 137

marked tachycardia=
marked bradycardia=

Back 137

180
100

Front 138

s/s of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

Back 138

elevated bp, proteinuria, edema, iligohydramnios, kidney function,

severe pre-eclampsia= risk of placental abruption

eclampsia=seizures

Front 139

At 37 weeks a fetus is:

Back 139

depositing layers of subcutaneous fat

Front 140

What is the primary cause of uterine enlargement during pregnancy?

Back 140

hypertrophy of pre-existing myometrial cells.

Front 141

anterior cervix=

Back 141

retroverted uterus

Front 142

which hormone controls the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

Back 142

estrogen

Front 143

DES=

Back 143

Diethylstilbestrol From about 1940 to 1970, DES was given to pregnant women in the mistaken belief it would reduce the risk of pregnancy complications and losses. In 1971, DES was shown to cause a rare vaginal tumor in girls and women who had been exposed to this drug in utero.

Front 144

What are the risks to pregnant mothers exposed to DES in utero?

Back 144

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma; structural anomalies of the uterus; poor pregnancy outcomes

Front 145

Diagonal conjugate=

Back 145

a measurement of the distance from the inferior border of the symphysis pubis to the sacral promontory. The measurement, averages around 12.5 to 13.0 cm in adult women.

Front 146

Obstetrical conjugate=

Back 146

The line between the narrowest bony points formed by the sacral promontory and the inner pubic arch is termed obstetrical conjugate: It should be 10.5 cm or more. This anteroposterior line at the inlet is 1.5-2 cm less than the diagonal conjugate (distance from undersurface of pubic arch to sacral promontory).

Front 147

Interspinous measurement=

Back 147

The distance between the ischial tuberosities (normally > 10.5 cm)

Front 148

vitamin K is administered during the newborn neonatal period because:

Back 148

to help prevent vitamin K. deficiency syndrome. newborns lack intestinal bacteria with which to synthesize vitamin k.

Front 149

Why are the newborns hands and feet blue?

Back 149

acrocyanosis

Front 150

Suction the ________ then the ________

Back 150

mouth then nose

Front 151

Why may a postpartum woman's bowels be sluggish?

Back 151

progesterone, decreased abdominal muscle

Front 152

What is one presumptive sign of pregnancy?

Back 152

amenorrhea

Front 153

Naegele's Rule=

Back 153

The rule estimates the expected date of delivery (EDD) by adding one year, subtracting three months, and adding seven days to the first day of a woman's last menstrual period (LMP). The result is approximately 280 days (40 weeks) from the LMP.

Front 154

Nicole's Rule=

Back 154

Now called Wood's Method:
1. add 1 year to the first day of the LMP then:
for primip= subtract 2 months, 2 weeks
for multips=subtract 2 months, and 2.5 weeks (18 days)
2. add or subtract the number of days her cycle varies from 28 days

Front 155

Another name for chronic hypertension=

Back 155

essential hypertension- preexisting condition

Front 156

anatomy=

Back 156

study of the structure and shape of the body and their relationship to one another

Front 157

physiology=

Back 157

study of how the body and its parts work and function

Front 158

Blood volume increases by:

Back 158

20-40%- frye says 50-60%; 30-50% in varneys

Front 159

Name two hormones that the placenta produces:

Back 159

estrogen and progesterone

Front 160

name one essential male hormone responsible for reproduction=

Back 160

testosterone

Front 161

After ovulation, menstruation takes place as the result of:

Back 161

degeneration of the corpus luteum

Front 162

vuvla=

Back 162

the external structures from the symphysis pubis to the perineum

Front 163

Which hormones stimulates and maintains milk production after childbirth?

Back 163

prolactin

Front 164

the primary function of hCG is:

Back 164

maintain the corpus luteum during the first trimester

Front 165

Development of the secondary sex characteristics in males is stimulated by:

Back 165

testosterone

Front 166

childbirth is also called:

Back 166

parturition

Front 167

menarche=

Back 167

first menstrual period

Front 168

After fertilization the produce of conception is_________ then_________.

Back 168

zygote, morula, blastocyst, implant (10-14 days) embryo

Front 169

embryonic stage=

Back 169

2-8 weeks from fertilization

Front 170

function of the placenta is to:

Back 170

provide nutrients/ remove waste, provide barrier to infection

Front 171

when is the embryo most suceptable to teratogens?

Back 171

2-12 weeks from conception, 4-12 weeks from lmp

Front 172

the heart begins beating in the embryo (from conception)

Back 172

21-22 days from conception, 35 days from LMP

Front 173

chorion

Back 173

s one of the membranes that exist during pregnancy between the developing fetus and mother. It is formed by extraembryonic mesoderm and the two layers of trophoblast and surrounds the embryo and other membranes. The chorionic villi emerge from the chorion, invade the endometrium, and allow transfer of nutrients from maternal blood to fetal blood. (outer membrane)

Front 174

amnion

Back 174

a membrane building the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects an embryo.

Front 175

how many arteries and veins in the umbilical cord?

Back 175

2 arteries=supply deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
1 vein=carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus
A A
V birdie

Front 176

From LMP the average human gestation=
from conception=

Back 176

280 from lmp
266 from conception

288 days from lmp for primips
283 days from lmp for multip

Front 177

fetus grows arm and leg buds at:

Back 177

4 weeks from lmp

Front 178

describe the fetal scull:

Back 178

anterior fontanel=diamond
posterior fontanel=triangle
sagittal suture=ant-post, division b/wpartietal bones
biparietal diameter=largest transverse diameter of the head
bitemporal diameter=greatest distance between 2 temporal sutures

Front 179

you can hear the fetal heart tones with a doppler at:

Back 179

10-12 weeks

Front 180

leukorrhea=

Back 180

a profuse think or thick vaginal secretion begins in the first trimesterLeukorrhea may occur normally during pregnancy. This is caused by increased bloodflow to the vagina due to increased estrogen. Female infants may have leukorrhea for a short time after birth due to their in-uterine exposure to estrogen.

Front 181

to relieve leg cramps=

Back 181

-extend leg and dorsiflex foot
-elevate and support legs
-increase ca, phosphorus/or mag

Front 182

chloasma

Back 182

pigmentary changes from pregnancy

Front 183

gravida=

Back 183

times pregnant

Front 184

parity=

Back 184

any live births after 21-24 weeks

Front 185

excessive use of antibiotics may result in vaginal infection with:

Back 185

yeast (candida albicans)

Front 186

1st trimester=
2nd trimester=
3rd trimester=

Back 186

1st trimester= 1-12 weeks
2nd trimester= 13-27 weeks
3rd trimester= 28-40+ weeks

Front 187

Innominate bone in the pelvis is comprised of the:

Back 187

(hip bone) =ischium, illium and pubis

Front 188

occiput=
military=
brow=
face=

Back 188

occiput
straight ahead
sniffing position
full extension of neck

Front 189

Presentation=

Back 189

refers to which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal. According to the leading part, this is identified as a cephalic, breech, or shoulder presentation.

Front 190

Cephalic presentations=

Back 190

vertex (crown) — the commonest and associated with the fewest complications
sinciput (forehead)
brow (eyebrows)
face
chin

Front 191

Breech presentations=

Back 191

complete breech
footling breech
frank breech
kneeling

Front 192

Shoulder presentations=

Back 192

arm
shoulder
trunk

Front 193

Station=

Back 193

some sources say -5 tp +5 others -4 to +4
At +3 and +4 the presenting part is at the perineum and can be seen.

Front 194

Lithotomy=

Back 194

flat on back, legs in stirrups

Front 195

FHT that stays the same with no variations is considered=

Back 195

absent/silent variations, flat

Front 196

episiotomy=

Back 196

midline repairs easier, more comfortable, heals faster than medio-lateral

Front 197

preterm labor starts prior to-

Back 197

37 weeks

Front 198

hemorrhage with blood loss exceeds=

Back 198

500 cc (though frye says this is too little) approx 2 cups

Front 199

types of shock midwives encounter=

Back 199

hemorrhagic, hypovolemic, septic

Front 200

If in shock=

Back 200

911
do not give water (stomach shuts down? will be thirsty)
legs up, head down on left side
cover with blanket
IV

Front 201

Hegars sign=

Back 201

softening of the lower uterine segment, isthmus uterus, junction of the cervix and uterus

Front 202

chadwicks sign=

Back 202

blue, red, purple cervix, vulva, rugae

Front 203

goodell's sign=

Back 203

softening of the cervix

Front 204

delivering in a face presentation must come out________ and turn/rotate to a_________

Back 204

posterior
mentum anterior position

Front 205

when delivering a breech you should:

Back 205

-rotate anterior if turning posterior
-pull loop of cord (debated)
-wrap a towel around baby and gentle support body (....)

Front 206

After a shoulder dystocia be prepared for:

Back 206

hemorrhage, full resuscitation, maternal sepsis (hand inside- watch for fever)

Front 207

Normal changes in pp recovery:

Back 207

100 F in first 24 hours
uterus goes down 1fb a day
diastasis recti is common in multips, may be perminent
common to lose 9-15lbs immediately

Front 208

common pp discomforts:

Back 208

constipation, mainly due to dehydration
excessive perspiration due to hormonal changes
hemorrhoids (fiber, fluids, witchhazel, soaks, rest)

Front 209

dispareunia-

Back 209

from Greek meaning "badly mated" painful sex

Front 210

mature milk usually comes in at ____ days pp

Back 210

2 days

Front 211

In the pp period, if the mother presents with a fever, ask her:

Back 211

Did her milk come in?
Are her breasts sore?
Is her uterus/abdomen tender?
Does her lochia smell normal?
Are there s/s of a UTI?

Front 212

PP blues last=

Back 212

up to 2 weeks

Front 213

A temperature rise may occur up to 24 hours pp due to:

Back 213

dehydration or exertion associated with labor, infection

Front 214

puerperal morbidity=

Back 214

pp illness related to the pregnancy

Front 215

a nosocomial infection is caused by:

Back 215

the care provider or enviornment provided by the care provider

Front 216

endometritis is caused by:

Back 216

bacterial or viral contamination of the repro tract. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, fever and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. Caesarean section, prolonged rupture of membranes and long labor with multiple vaginal examinations are important risk factors. chronic caused by STI,tuberculous

Front 217

List 7 cardinal movements:

Back 217

descends, engages, flexes, internal rotation, extension, restitution, external rotation

Front 218

head usually enters the inlet in ________ or _________ position because the pelvic inlet is widest from side to side.

Back 218

occiput transverse or oblique

Front 219

distinguish between stress and urge incontinence

Back 219

stress= sneeze, running
urge= have to go all the time

Front 220

late pp hemorrhage can occur up to:

Back 220

6 weeks

Front 221

endometritis may present as=

Back 221

tachycardia
uterine tenderness
subinvolution
increased wbc

Front 222

s/s of mastitis=

Back 222

Breast tenderness or warmth to the touch
General malaise or feeling ill
Swelling of the breast
Pain or a burning sensation continuously or while breast-feeding
Skin redness, often in a wedge-shaped pattern
Fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or greater [4]
The affected breast can then start to appear lumpy and red.

Some women may also experience flu-like symptoms such as:

Aches
Shivering and chills
Feeling anxious or stressed
Fatigue
Breast engorgement [5]

Front 223

peritonitis=

Back 223

Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that lines part of the abdominal cavity and viscera.

Front 224

s/s of peritonitis=

Back 224

acute abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, and abdominal guarding, which are exacerbated by moving the peritoneum, e.g., coughing (forced cough may be used as a test), flexing one's hips, or eliciting the Blumberg sign (a.k.a. rebound tenderness, meaning that pressing a hand on the abdomen elicits less pain than releasing the hand abruptly, which will aggravate the pain, as the peritoneum snaps back into place). Diffuse abdominal rigidity ("washboard abdomen") is often present, especially in generalized peritonitis
Fever
Sinus tachycardia
Development of ileus paralyticus (i.e., intestinal paralysis), which also causes nausea, vomiting and bloating.

Front 225

thrombophlebitis treatment includes:

Back 225

bed rest, hot packs, compression stockings

Front 226

What does RhoGam do to prevent sensitization?

Back 226

The antibodies in the artificial anti-D will “fight off” any rhesus positive cells from the baby and prevent the woman from producing her own anti-D. The medicine is a solution of IgG anti-D (anti-RhD) antibodies that bind to, and lead to the destruction of, fetal Rh D positive red blood cells that have passed from the fetal circulation to the maternal circulation.

Front 227

The normal weight gain of a newborn is _________/day or _______/week.

Back 227

1/2-1 oz/day
6-12 oz/week

Front 228

another word for nosocomial is=

Back 228

iatragenic

Front 229

at six months the baby's weight is_____________

Back 229

doubled

Front 230

Your neonate has a pulse of 100+. What is the appropriate apgar score for him?

Back 230

2

Front 231

newborn respiration rate=

Back 231

30-60

Front 232

stump falls off between=

Back 232

4-10days

Front 233

1st period of reactivity is:
2nd stage=
3rd=

Back 233

1st stage: reactivity for first 30m after birth
2nd stage: 30-2hours, decreased period of responsiveness
3rd stage: 2-8 hours- second period of reactivity

Front 234

neuromuscular test refers to=

Back 234

neurological maturity

Front 235

ballard score=

Back 235

Ballard Score, or Ballard Scale is a commonly used technique of gestational age assessment. It assigns a score to various criteria, the sum of all of which is then extrapolated to the gestational age of the baby. These criteria are divided into Physical and Neurological criteria. This scoring allows for the estimation of age in the range of 26 weeks-44 weeks. The New Ballard Score is an extension of the above to include extremely pre-term babies i.e. up to 20 weeks.

Front 236

a cbc with differential=

Back 236

CBC with white blood count and type

Front 237

lie=

Back 237

longitudinal, transverse, oblique

Front 238

attitude=

Back 238

relation of head to its trunk, flexed, military, brow, face

Front 239

presentation=

Back 239

part that lies at the pelvic brim= cephalic, breech

Front 240

denominator (variety)=

Back 240

mentum, occiput, sacrum, brow, acromian

Front 241

denominator

Back 241

the fetal part used to determine the position (occiput, sacrum, acromion process)

Front 242

phimosis=

Back 242

fully retracted foreskin

Front 243

subinvolution

Back 243

not going down (as in uterus) cause of retained placenta fragments

Front 244

cervix of multip on the verge of true labor

Back 244

little or no effacement with 1-2 cm or more of dilation

Front 245

responsible fore closure of the ductus arteriosus is:

Back 245

increase in oxygen levels in the blood

Front 246

hypoxemia=

Back 246

decreased oxygen levels in the blood

Front 247

emia=

Back 247

blood cells

Front 248

malnourishment leads to irreversible damage for child, especially during

Back 248

the last few months of pregnancy and first few months of life- brain cells grow rapidly

Front 249

every midwife should have and provide to her clients:

Back 249

1. code of ethics
2. definition of midwifery practice
3. standards for the practice of midwifery
4. a philosophy of care

Front 250

chest compression rate/minute

Back 250

90/minute

Front 251

PPV rate=

Back 251

breath, 2 and 3, breath, 2 and 3

Front 252

an normal infant should void ______ x in a 24 hour period

Back 252

6

Front 253

impending fetal demise is seen with:

Back 253

a flat baselin, a wandering baseline, a sinusoidal baseline

Front 254

macrocytic anemia:

Back 254

large red blood cells, b-12/folic acid defeciency

Front 255

microcytic anemia:

Back 255

small blood cell, iron deficiency

Front 256

normocytic anemia=

Back 256

caused from blood loss?

Front 257

HSV s/s

Back 257

painful itchy bumps "vesicles", fever, malaise, inguinal lymph swelling

Front 258

What rubella titer indicates immunity? non immunity?

Back 258

immunity= >1:8
non-immune=<1:8
primary infection: 4-fold increase in antibody levels

Front 259

syphilis s/s

Back 259

depends on if it is a primary, secondary, latent or tertiary outbreak, but skin lesion, called a chancre,sometimes painful, sometimes not, rash, may include fever, sore throat, malaise, weight loss, hair loss, and headache, lymph node enlargment

Front 260

fetal iron stores in the breastfed baby last _____ months following birth

Back 260

4-6

Front 261

piskacek's sign=

Back 261

asymmetric enlargement of the body of the pregnant uterus as a result of its enlargement in the cornual region, usually over the site of implantation.

Front 262

newborn's regain their birth weight at:

Back 262

10 days

Front 263

endometrium after birth is regenerated at:

Back 263

6 weeks

Front 264

hemorrhoids caused by: ______ and ______

Back 264

progesterone (relaxes veins) and enlarging uterus

Front 265

hypertension see a risk in blood pressure of:

Back 265

30/15

140/90 mild

Front 266

the placenta secretes the following hormones:

Back 266

progesterone, estrogen, HCG, HPL (human placenta lactogen)

Front 267

Human placental lactogen (HPL)=

Back 267

also called human chorionic somatomammotropin, is a polypeptide placental hormone. Its structure and function is similar to that of human growth hormone. It modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy to facilitate the energy supply of the fetus. HPL has anti-insulin properties.

Front 268

maternal vital that remains elevated in the immediate pp

Back 268

temperature

Front 269

what are the most ominous heart tones besides (flat)

Back 269

late decelerations with loss of short term fetal variability

Front 270

AFP=

Back 270

increased in open neural tube defects and omphalocele & decreased in Down syndrome. Typically, MSAFP is measured in the beginning of the second trimester (14–16 weeks)

Front 271

the smallest pelvic diameter to which the fetus has to accomodate itself is:

Back 271

interspinous diameter

Front 272

largest diameter of the fetal head=

Back 272

occipitomental

Front 273

widest point when head enters pelvic inlet=

Back 273

biparietal

Front 274

to detect abnormal or periodic fetal heart rate changes or patterns when using a fetascope:

Back 274

5 second increments and a 5 second break between the period of counting during a ctx

Front 275

anterior fontannel closes at:

Back 275

12-18 months (about when baby starts talking)

Front 276

posterior fontannel closes at:

Back 276

3-6 months pp

Front 277

what triggers milk ejection?

Back 277

sucking

Front 278

normal glucose levels for mom=
for baby=

Back 278

80-120, 80-100 fasting
40+

Front 279

military presentation is also called

Back 279

sinciput (latin for forehead)

Front 280

pain with movements of the cervix think.....

Back 280

ectopic pregnancy

Front 281

chest circumference=

Back 281

30-36 cm (11-14 inches)

Front 282

most likely to suffer from mastitis:

Back 282

breastfeeding moms at more than a week pp

Front 283

1st degree tear involves=

Back 283

involving only the skin around the vaginal opening.

Front 284

2nd degree tear involves=

Back 284

involve vaginal tissue (vaginal mucosa) and the perineal muscles

Front 285

3rd degree tear involves=

Back 285

involve vaginal mucosa, posterior fourchette, perineal skin and muscles, and external anal sphincter

Front 286

4th degree tear involves=

Back 286

involve the perineal muscles and anal sphincter as well as the tissue lining the rectum.

Front 287

most common cause of uterine rupture=

Back 287

separation of previous cesarean scar with pitocin hyperstimulation

Front 288

90 min after birth normal to see_________ in a newborn

Back 288

sleep, murmur, bowel sounds, heart rate of 108

Front 289

marked bradycardia cutoff

Back 289

bellow 100

Front 290

fertile cervical mucus is ________ and the peak day is________

Back 290

clear, slippery, stretchy
peak day=last day of this kind of mucus

Front 291

maternal cardiac output is highest_________

Back 291

immediately pp

Front 292

polyhydramnios causes and s/s

Back 292

causes= multiple gestation, diabetes, urinary probs
s/s=difficulty palpating and heart fht, edema, confirm with u/s

Front 293

chloasma occus with___________ and most often in_________

Back 293

pregnancy, oral contraception
brunettes and dark skin

Front 294

bartholins cysts=

Back 294

formed when a Bartholin's gland is blocked, causing a fluid-filled cyst to develop; glands = two glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina

Hint 294

formed when a Bartholin's gland is blocked, causing a fluid-filled cyst to develop

Front 295

HIV most likely transmitted:

Back 295

during labor and delivery

Front 296

ecchymosis=

Back 296

bruising

Front 297

complications of HPV (warts) in pregnancy=

Back 297

increase in the number and size of warts
excessive bleeding during delivery if tearing or cutting extends to affected area
intrapartum laryngeal infection of the baby

Front 298

gastroschisis=
at risk for=

Back 298

defect in the anterior abdominal wall through which the abdominal contents freely protrude (organs on outside)
dehydration, hypothermia

Front 299

at 12 weeks the uterus is:
at 16:
at 20:

Back 299

12=just above pubic bone
16=halfway btw pubic bone and umbillicus
20=umbilicus

Front 300

bishop pelvic score
highest score=
induce at=

Back 300

The Bishop score grades patients who would be most likely to achieve a successful induction. The duration of labor is inversely correlated with the Bishop score; a score that exceeds 8 describes the patient most likely to achieve a successful vaginal birth. components of vaginal exam= cervical position, consistency, effacement, dilation, fetal station
highest score=13
5 or less- labor unlikely to start without induction

Front 301

sex of fetus seen at=

Back 301

14 weeks

Front 302

cold stress effects on newborn:

Back 302

hypoglycemia, pulmonary vasoconstriction, metabolic acidosis

Front 303

varicella infection can be passed to the newborn :

Back 303

day 6 BEFORE birth-day 2 following birth, if preg. then baby can get passive immunity before day 6

Front 304

abruptio placenta s/s

Back 304

tender, rigid uterus (from blood buildup), elevated maternal pulse, shock, abnormal fht

Front 305

DIC=
Possible complication of=
s/s of DIC=

Back 305

Disseminated intravascular coagulation=DIC leads to the formation of small blood clots inside the blood vessels throughout the body.[1] As the small clots consume coagulation proteins and platelets, normal coagulation is disrupted and abnormal bleeding occurs from the skin
causes=abruptio placentae, pre-eclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism
s/s=The affected person is often acutely ill and shocked with widespread haemorrhage (common bleeding sites are mouth, nose and venepuncture sites), extensive bruising, renal failure

Front 306

this procedure_______ examines amniotic fluid through intact membranes

Back 306

amnioscopy

Front 307

vital non expected to change in pregnancy=

Back 307

blood pressure (this is so not true)
changes include: displaced heart to left, hrate increase 10 beats, increased cardiac volume

Front 308

combined oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy by inhibiting the production of:

Back 308

FSH & LH

Front 309

oral contraceptives can cause bloating/sodium retention from:

Back 309

increased estrogen

Front 310

genotype=

Back 310

the genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual (i.e. the specific allele makeup of the individual) usually with reference to a specific character under consideration.[1] For instance, the human CFTR gene, which encodes a protein that transports chloride ions across cell membranes, can be dominant (A) as the normal version of the gene, or recessive (a) as a mutated version of the gene. Individuals receiving two recessive alleles will be diagnosed with Cystic fibrosis.

Front 311

phenotype=

Back 311

is an organism's observable characteristics or traits. Phenotypes result from the expression of an organism's genes as well as the influence of environmental factors and the interactions between the two.

Front 312

cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and tay-sachs, which can be diagnosed by prenatal genetic studies are examples of:

Back 312

autosomal recessive disorders

Front 313

autosome=

Back 313

a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome, or allosome; that is to say, there is an equal number of copies of the chromosome in males and females.[1] For example, in humans, there are 22 pairs of autosomes. In addition to autosomes, there are sex chromosomes, to be specific: X and Y. So, humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Front 314

besides restoration of the diploid number of chromosomes what else occurs at fertilization?

Back 314

start of mitotic cell division and fetal sex determination

Front 315

ponstel (Mefenamic acid) to relieve primary dysmenorrhea=

Back 315

a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, including menstrual pain.Mefenamic acid decreases inflammation (swelling) and uterine contractions by a still unknown mechanism. However it is thought to be related to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. (antiprostaglandin)

Front 316

the primary function of hCG is to:

Back 316

maintain the corpus luteum during the first trimester

Front 317

an __________ pH increases:

Back 317

vaginal infections

Front 318

which hormone is responsible for the production of clear, elastic cervical mucus associated with spinnbarkeit and ferning?

Back 318

estrogen

Front 319

oocyte=

Back 319

immature egg

Front 320

oogenesis=

Back 320

The formation of an oocyte is called oocytogenesis, which is a part of oogenesis.[1] Oogenesis results in the formation of both primary oocytes before birth, and of secondary oocytes after it as part of ovulation.

Front 321

oogonia=

Back 321

a primordial oocyte in a female fetus Oogonia are formed in large numbers by mitosis early in fetal development from primordial germ cells. In humans they start to develop between weeks 4 and 8 and are present in the fetus between weeks 5 and 30. Once the primordial germ cells have arrived in the ovary, they develop into oogonia. Oogonia migrate from the yolk sac to the genital ridge (site of the future ovaries) located on the posterior abdominal wall. Oogonia develop by mitosis. However, some of them become primary oocytes, which begin meiosis which is halted in prophase I. When they have entered Prophase I of meiosis they become primary oocytes; it is important to note that this process is complete before birth, in contrast to spermatogenesis.

Front 322

the physiologic effects of estrogen include:

Back 322

increased basal metabolism
placental growth
smooth muscle tissue relaxant
development of acini (mammary) cells in the breasts

Front 323

If conception fails to occur, menstration takes place about 2 weeks after ovulation as a result of:

Back 323

degeneration of the corpus luteum (drop in progesterone)

Front 324

the physiologic effects of estrogen include:

Back 324

development of secondary sex characteristics, myometrial thickening, maturation of ovarian follicles

Front 325

testosterone production is stimulated by:

Back 325

luteinizing hormone

Front 326

In response to anterior pituitary stimulation, the graafian follicle secretes:

Back 326

An antral follicle (or Graafian follicle) is an ovarian follicle during a certain latter stage of folliculogenesis. estrogen

Front 327

developing follicles and the graafian follicle are found in the

Back 327

cortex of the ovaries

Front 328

the non-pregnant uterus is lined by the:

Back 328

endometrium

Front 329

which principle factor causes vaginal pH to become acidic:

Back 329

the action of doderlein's bacillus (lactobacillus)

Front 330

the frenulum and prepuce of the clitoris are formed by the:

Back 330

labia minora

Front 331

Frenulum of labia minora=

Back 331

the fourchette or the posterior commissure of the labia minora) is a frenulum where the labia minora meet posteriorly.The fourchette may be torn during delivery due to the sudden stretching of the vulval orifice, or during intercourse.

Front 332

the labia minora taper, extending posteriorly to form the:

Back 332

fourchette

Front 333

the increased activity of the endometrial glands during the luteal phase of the female reproductive cycle is stimulated by:

Back 333

(secretatory phase) named from corpus luteum- progesterone

Front 334

increased levels of Gn-RH stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete:

Back 334

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also known as Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and luliberin. responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary.

Front 335

the external visible structures of the female reproductive system extending from the symphysis pubis to the perineum

Back 335

vulva

Front 336

the almond shaped area enclosed laterally by the labia minora and extending from the clitoris to the fourchette is called

Back 336

vestibule

Front 337

when obtaining a pap smear, the midwife removes cells from the squamocolumnar junction called the:

Back 337

inside of the external os

Front 338

in which portion of the fallopian tube the site of sterilization?

Back 338

isthmus

Front 339

in which portion of the fallopian tubes does fertilization normally occur?

Back 339

ampulla

Front 340

the largest portion of the uterus is the:

Back 340

myometrium

Front 341

endometrium is called__________ in pregnancy

Back 341

decidua basalis

Front 342

which term refers to the upper first portion of the uterus?

Back 342

corpus uteri (incudes cavity and fundus)

Front 343

the uterine isthmus is essential during pregnancy in the formation of:

Back 343

lower uterine segment

Front 344

the vaginal portion of the cervix that dilates during labor is called the:

Back 344

eternal os

Front 345

the vas deferens is a:

Back 345

also called ductus deferens, part of the male anatomy of many vertebrates; they transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation.conduit for spermatozoa

Front 346

the male hormone testosterone which maintains spermatogenesis is synthesized and released by:

Back 346

The mesonephric duct (also known as Wolffian duct, archinephric duct, Leydig's duct and nephric duct) is a paired organ found in mammals including humans during embryogenesis.In a male, it develops into a system of connected organs between the efferent ducts of the testis and the prostate, namely the epididymis, the vas deferens, and the seminal vesicle. The prostate forms from the urogenital sinus and the efferent ducts form from the mesonephric tubules.

For this it is critical that the ducts are exposed to testosterone during embryogenesis. Testosterone binds to and activates androgen receptor, affecting intracellular signals and modifying the expression of numerous genes..[1]

In the mature male, the function of this system is to store and mature sperm, and provide accessory semen fluid.

Front 347

CVS can detect which genetic disorders:

Back 347

tay-sachs, cystic fibrosis, trisomy 21, not neural tube defects

Front 348

after CVS, no:

Back 348

sex for two days, spotting normal, no bed rest needed

Front 349

Most common indication for performing CVS:

Back 349

maternal age

Front 350

to diagnose endometriosis do:

Back 350

laparoscopy and biopsy results

Front 351

cervical cap=

Back 351

inserted prior to arousal, leave in up to 48 hours,

Front 352

contraindications for cervical cap=

Back 352

abnormal papgiven birth may have scar tissue or irregularly shaped cervixes that interfere with the cap forming a good seal.[26] For some women, available sizes of cervical caps do not provide a correct fit. Also, cavity rim caps are not recommended for women with an anteflexed uterus.

Front 353

LAM (lactation amennorhea method)

Back 353

For women who meet the criteria (listed below), LAM is 98% - 99.5% effective during the first six months postpartum.[1]

Breastfeeding must be the infant’s only (or almost only) source of nutrition. Feeding formula, pumping instead of nursing,[2] and feeding solids all reduce the effectiveness of LAM.
The infant must breastfeed at least every four hours during the day and at least every six hours at night.
The infant must be less than six months old.
The mother must not have had a period after 56 days post-partum (when determining fertility, bleeding prior to 56 days post-partum can be ignored).

Front 354

oral contraceptives- wait ______ months before attempting pregnancy

Back 354

3

Front 355

discontinue the pill and call if you have:

Back 355

severe headaches

Front 356

contraindications of a diaphragm:

Back 356

frequent UTIs

Front 357

proper diaphragm use:

Back 357

use water soluable jelly, store cool, dry place, check for tears before each use, fefit if gain/lose 15 lbs

Front 358

contraceptive film dissolves in the vagina and acts as a _______
Insert it ______ minutes before sex
effective up to:

Back 358

spermacide (chemical barrier)
15-20
2 hours

Front 359

IUD contraindications:
reexamine after insertion at:

Back 359

PID, ectopic, AIDS
fist menses

Front 360

the lower uterine segment forms at about ________ weeks of pregnancy.

Back 360

28-30

Front 361

placenta forms from the:

Back 361

chorionic vili and decidua basalis

Front 362

partner with pregnancy symptoms=

Back 362

couvade syndrome

Front 363

milk supplies to mother:

Back 363

calcium, riboflavin (B2), and vitamin a

Front 364

vitamin c foods=

Back 364

oranges, grapefruit, cabbage, bananas, parsley, brocoli, brussel sprouts, liver, oysters, goat milk

Front 365

iron foods=

Back 365

spinach, beef, organs, dried fruit, red meat, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, tofu, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, blackstrap molasses,

Front 366

nosebleeds intermittently caused by:

Back 366

hyperemia (increase of blood flow) of the nasal mucous membranes

Front 367

typical feelings about pregnancy:
1st trimester:
2nd:
3rd:

Back 367

ambivalent
identify baby as separate human
prepare for labor

Front 368

folic acid
helps to prevent:

Back 368

vitamin B9,[3] vitamin Bc, The human body needs folate to synthesize DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA as well as to act as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.[7] It is especially important in aiding rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancy and pregnancy. Children and adults both require folic acid to produce healthy red blood cells and prevent anemia.
prevent= neural tube defects

Front 369

foods high in folate:

Back 369

Leafy vegetables such as spinach, asparagus, turnip greens
Legumes such as dried or fresh beans, peas and lentils
Egg yolks.[70]
Baker's yeast
Fortified grain products (pasta, cereal, bread); some breakfast cereals (ready-to-eat and others) are fortified with 25% to 100% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for folic acid
Sunflower seeds
Liver and liver products contain high amounts of folate
Kidney[70]

Moderate amounts:

Certain fruits (orange juice, canned pineapple juice, cantaloupe, honeydew melon, grapefruit juice, banana, raspberry, grapefruit and strawberry) and vegetables (beets, corn, tomato juice, vegetable juice, broccoli, brussels sprouts, romaine lettuce and bok choy),[71] beer.[72]

Front 370

ibuprofin=

Back 370

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, decreases prostaglandins (which are mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever), thins blood. (stop labor=ibuprofin?)

available under a variety of popular trademarks, including Motrin, Nurofen, Advil, and Nuprin.[7]

Front 371

preeclamptic s/s in 1st trimester think:

Back 371

hydatidiform mole

Front 372

frequent leg cramps: what should you ask mom?

Back 372

assess intake of diary products (sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium help prevent cramps)
ask of varicose veins

Front 373

GTPAL

Back 373

Gravida=number of total pregnancies
Term= term deliveries
Preterm OR Para=
Abortions= abortions (both surgical abortions and miscarriages)
Living= living children (para)

Front 374

direct coombs=
indirect coombs=
negative/positive=

Back 374

direct=cord blood, used to detect these antibodies or complement proteins that are bound to the surface of red blood cells;
indirect=detects antibodies against RBCs
positive = bad, negative indirect = good, rhogam

Front 375

waddling=which hormone

Back 375

relaxin

Front 376

women can feel a quickening around=

Back 376

18-20 weeks (first)
14-18 weeks (2nd)

Front 377

funic souffle=
uterine souffle=

Back 377

funic=is a blowing sound heard in synch with fetal heart sounds, and may originate from the umbilical cord. (FHT)
uterine= a sound made by the blood within the arteries of the gravid uterus.

Front 378

the bag of waters.....

Back 378

maintains temperature, cushions, prevents cord entanglement, provides even muscle growth

Front 379

kegels=which muscle

Back 379

puboCoccygeus muscle (PC muscle)

Front 380

MsAFP timeframe

Back 380

Typically, MSAFP is measured in the beginning of the second trimester (14–16 weeks)

Front 381

MSAFP above normal can indicate

Back 381

above normal is seen in multiple gestation, when there is placental abruption, as well as in a number of fetal abnormalities, such as neural tube defects including spina bifida and anencephaly, and abdominal wall defects

Front 382

PIH and Diabetes may need magnesium sulfate to prevent: by:

Back 382

to prevent seizures, by decreasing neuromuscular irritability

Front 383

magnesium sulfate toxity s/s and side effects

Back 383

respiratory depression, los of deep tendon reflexes (clonus),

flushing/sweating occur

Front 384

main s/s of PIH indicating eclamptic seizures

Back 384

epigastric pain, elevated liver enzymes, blurry vision,

Front 385

when a seizure occurs first:

Back 385

maintain a patent airway, turn a woman on Lside incase of vomit

Front 386

what is the chance of developing diabetes later in life with a positive GTT test?

Back 386

25%-50%

Front 387

the biophysical profile includes:

Back 387

The biophysical profile (BPP) has 5 components: 4 ultrasound (US) assessments and a nonstress test (NST). The nonstress test (NST)(CTG) evaluates fetal heart rate and response to fetal movement. The five discrete biophysical variables:

Fetal movement
Fetal tone
Fetal breathing
Amniotic fluid volume
Fetal Heart Rate

Front 388

NST=

Back 388

presence of two or more fetal heart rate accelerations within a 20-minute period, with or without fetal movement discernible by the woman.

Front 389

kickcounts=

Back 389

10 movements/1 hour
20 movement/2 hours

Front 390

this hormone is responsible for the increase in cells which produce milk within the breast and stimulate the initial production of milk:

Back 390

prolactin

Front 391

this hormone produced by the placenta ensures proper fetal development and stimulates the milk glands in the breast in anticipation of breastfeeding

Back 391

HpL Human placental lactogen
It modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy to facilitate the energy supply of the fetus. HPL has anti-insulin properties. HPL is a hormone secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast during pregnancy.

Front 392

this hormone is found in early pregnancy and is responsible for helping limit the activity of the uterus and soften the cervix in preparation for delivery:

Back 392

relaxin

Front 393

this hormone is the only pregnancy hormone released by the posterior pituitary:

Back 393

oxytocin

Front 394

birth defects are most likely to occur during this time of fetal development:

Back 394

2-12 weeks of gestation

Front 395

at the end of pregnancy, the progesterone levels from the placenta drop off, thereby stimulating the begining of:

Back 395

labor/uc

Front 396

production of this hormone diminishes once the placenta is mature enough to take over estrogen and progesterone production:

Back 396

HcG

Front 397

this organ continues to produce both progesterone and estrogen for the duration of the pregnancy

Back 397

placenta

Front 398

supplements of this hormone are sometimes prescribed as a fertility treatment or to assist in reducing the risk of miscarriage

Back 398

progesterone

Front 399

during the pregnancy, these two hormones working in conjunction stimulates the growth of breast tissue and prevents lactation until after the birth

Back 399

progesterone and estrogen

Front 400

this hormone plays a very important role in the development of the fetus. W/out it, the lungs, kidneys, liver, adrenal glands and other organs would never be triggered into maturation

Back 400

estrogen

Front 401

the levels of this hormone get higher and higher right up to just before the birth, then fall to allow contractions leading to labor

Back 401

progesterone

Front 402

this refers to the day the woman becomes pregnant

Back 402

conception

Front 403

this hormone is only produced during pregnancy. first by the ovaries, and later by the placenta

Back 403

HcG

Front 404

this hormone induces smooth muscle contractions in the uterus and mammary glands

Back 404

oxytocin

Front 405

these tissue hormones seem to play a role in getting labor started and may be used in their synthetic form to induce labor in a pregnancy which has gone past 40weeks

Back 405

prostaglandins

Front 406

this hormone stops the uterus from making spontaneous movements and stops the uterus from contracting

Back 406

progesterone

Front 407

this hormone found in maternal plasma and urine increase dramatically during the first trimester and may contribute to causing nausea and vomiting often associated with pregnancy

Back 407

hCG

Front 408

this hormone prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries and stimulates the production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone

Back 408

hCG

Front 409

this hormone protects the female fetuses from the effects of androgens in the mother's systems

Back 409

estrogen
(androgens= substances that have a masculinizing effect)

Front 410

one role of this hormone during pregnancy is to regulate the production of progesterone over the full term. as this hormone is produced by the placenta, progesterone production is stimulated and regulated

Back 410

estrogen

Front 411

predisposed to uti's after birth from:

Back 411

trauma to the trigone of the bladder

Front 412

to determine if the mother has femoral thrombophlebitis: (with s/s of pain/edema of R leg)

Back 412

Homans' sign is a sign of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A positive sign is present when there is pain in the calf or popliteal region with examiner's abrupt dorsiflexion of the patient's foot at the ankle while the knee is flexed to 90 degrees.[1][2] This sign is frequently elicited in clinical practice because of the ease of use, although it is falling into disfavor because of poor reliability and because it is frequently positive in individuals without DVT.

Front 413

kernig's sign

Back 413

Kernig's sign (after Waldemar Kernig (1840–1917), a Baltic German neurologist) is positive when the leg is bent at the hip and knee at 90 degree angles, and subsequent extension in the knee is painful (leading to resistance).[3] This may indicate subarachnoid haemorrhage or meningitis.[4]

Front 414

babinski sign:

Back 414

The lateral side of the sole of the foot is rubbed with a blunt instrument or device so as not to cause pain, discomfort or injury to the skin; the instrument is run from the heel along a curve to the toes, Extensor: the hallux dorsiflexes, and the other toes fan out; this is Babinski's sign- found in healthy infants

Front 415

heparin for (hx of femoral throbophlebitis)

Back 415

prevents addtional thrombus formation

Front 416

thrombophlebitis therapy includes:

Back 416

maintain bedrest (keep leg still)
monitor pedal pulses
moist heat to area

Front 417

Brandt Andrew's Maneuver

Back 417

Placental delivery can be achieved by use of the Brandt-Andrews maneuver, which involves applying firm traction on the umbilical cord with one hand while the other applies suprapubic counterpressure

Front 418

warfarin:

Back 418

(also known under the brand names Coumadin, Jantoven, Marevan, Lawarin, Waran, and Warfant) is an anticoagulant. It is most likely to be the drug popularly referred to as a "blood thinner," yet this is a misnomer, since it does not affect the thickness or viscosity of blood. Instead, it acts on the liver to decrease the quantity of a few key proteins in blood that allow blood to clot. most widely used anticoagulant

Front 419

HIV receives retrovir which:

Back 419

prevention of viral replication delayed development of AIDS production of increased numbers of CD4 T cells

Front 420

organism responsible for mastitis:

Back 420

S. aureus is the most common etiological organism responsible, but S. epidermidis and streptococci are occasionally isolated as well.

Front 421

thrombophlebitis therapy includes:

Back 421

maintain bedrest (keep leg still)
monitor pedal pulses
moist heat to area

Front 422

Brandt Andrew's Maneuver

Back 422

Placental delivery can be achieved by use of the Brandt-Andrews maneuver, which involves applying firm traction on the umbilical cord with one hand while the other applies suprapubic counterpressure

Front 423

warfarin:

Back 423

(also known under the brand names Coumadin, Jantoven, Marevan, Lawarin, Waran, and Warfant) is an anticoagulant. It is most likely to be the drug popularly referred to as a "blood thinner," yet this is a misnomer, since it does not affect the thickness or viscosity of blood. Instead, it acts on the liver to decrease the quantity of a few key proteins in blood that allow blood to clot. most widely used anticoagulant

Front 424

HIV receives retrovir which:

Back 424

prevention of viral replication delayed development of AIDS production of increased numbers of CD4 T cells

Front 425

organism responsible for mastitis:

Back 425

S. aureus is the most common etiological organism responsible, but S. epidermidis and streptococci are occasionally isolated as well.

Front 426

to assess baby's spinal nerves elicit the ________ reflex

Back 426

crossed extension reflex (touch one foot, other knee flexes) stepping on nail, one retracts, other supports weight and goes rigid

Front 427

chest pain with pink frothy sputum and diaphoresis (sweating) are early signs of:

Back 427

AFE (amniotic fluid embolism)

Front 428

magnet reflex:

Back 428

baby pushes back if you push feet

Front 429

galant reflex

Back 429

stroke side of abdomen, turns

Front 430

a neonate with respiratory distress syndrome- signs typically show up in ______ hours

Back 430

4

Front 431

hypoglycemia in neonate s/s

Back 431

tremor

Front 432

what results from deposits of bilirubin in the neonates brain, especially in the brain stem and basal ganglia

Back 432

Kernicterus is damage to the brain centers of infants caused by increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin.The word originates from the German kern, nucleus, kernel, and the Greek ikterus, jaundice

Front 433

unequal bilateral femoral pulses in a neonate typically indicates:

Back 433

Coarctation (narrowing) of the aorta

Front 434

most reliable indicator of neonatal infection:

Back 434

a change in feeding pattern

Front 435

when caring for a circumcised neonate:

Back 435

cover with sterile gauze and petroleum jelly for 24 hours

Front 436

a neonate with erythroblastosis fetalis. This disease results from:

Back 436

destruction of red blood cells (Hemolytic disease of the newborn)

Front 437

ABO incompatibility:

Mom is:
Baby is:

Back 437

Mom is O
Baby is A or B
For Caucasian populations about one fifth of all pregnancies have ABO incompatibility between the fetus and the mother, but only a tiny minority develop symptomatic ABO HDN[1]. The latter only occurs in mothers of blood group O because they can produce enough IgG antibodies to cause hemolysis.

Front 438

epstein's pearl's=

Back 438

Epstein's pearls are small white or yellow cystic vesicles (1 to 3 mm in size) often seen in the median palatal raphe of the mouth of newborn infants (occur in 65-85% of newborns). They are typically seen on the roof of the mouth (palate) and are filled with fluid. They are caused during the development of the palate by entrapped epithelium (fissural cyst).

Front 439

hemorrhagic areas in the inner aspects of the sclera are:

Back 439

normal
This is a conjunctival hemorrhage. These may occur at birth and represent broken blood vessels on the surface of the sclera (the white part of the eyeball). These are resorbed and disappear in a few weeks without consequence.

Front 440

cyanosis of the hands and feet in a newborn is:

Back 440

normal

Front 441

hypospadias:

Back 441

a birth defect of the urethra in the male that involves an abnormally placed urinary meatus (the opening, or male external urethral orifice). Instead of opening at the tip of the glans of the penis, a hypospadic urethra opens anywhere along a line (the urethral groove) running from the tip along the underside (ventral aspect) of the shaft to the junction of the penis and scrotum or perineum

Front 442

DTP vaccine:
first given at____ months of age.

Back 442

diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. DTaP and Tdap refer to similar combination vaccines in which the pertussis component is acellular.

2 months

Front 443

milia=

Back 443

white papules on nose/forehead

Front 444

LGA=

Back 444

over 4000gr, 8.8 lbs

Front 445

SGA=

Back 445

under 2500 gr, 5.5lbs

Front 446

ortalani's sign=

Back 446

is a physical examination for developmental dysplasia of the hip. (hip click) if positive, refer to pediatrician

Front 447

calcium=

Back 447

leg cramp prevention, bones, prevents bp increases, blood clotting, nerve transmission,

dairy (milk cheese), spinach,seaweeds such as kelp, wakame and hijiki; nuts and seeds (like almonds and sesame); blackstrap molasses; beans; figs; quinoa; amaranth; collard greens; okra; rutabaga; broccoli; dandelion leaves; kale; and fortified products such as orange juice and soy milk. An overlooked source of calcium is eggshell, which can be ground into a powder and mixed into food or a glass of water

Front 448

the chest circumference is typically _____ inches smaller than the head

Back 448

1 inch or 2.5 cm

Front 449

folic acid=

Back 449

prevents neural tube defects, heart health
Leafy vegetables such as spinach, asparagus, turnip greens
Legumes such as dried or fresh beans, peas and lentils
Egg yolks.[70]
Baker's yeast
Fortified grain products (pasta, cereal, bread); some breakfast cereals (ready-to-eat and others) are fortified with 25% to 100% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for folic acid
Sunflower seeds
Liver and liver products contain high amounts of folate
Kidney[70]

Front 450

Iron=

Back 450

red meat, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, tofu, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, blackstrap molasses, fortified bread, and fortified breakfast cereals

Front 451

Potassium=

Back 451

controls bp, decreases kidney stones
include parsley, dried apricots, dried milk, chocolate, various nuts (especially almonds and pistachios), potatoes, bamboo shoots, bananas, avocados, soybeans, and bran, although it is also present in sufficient quantities in most fruits, vegetables, meat and fish.[72]

Front 452

Vitamin A:

Back 452

good for reproduction, immune function, eyes, fat soluble
found in: liver (beef, pork, chicken, turkey, fish) (6500 μg 722%), including cod liver oil
dandelion greens (5588 IU 112%)[11]
carrot (835 μg 93%)
broccoli leaf (800 μg 89%) – According to USDA database broccoli florets have much less.[12]
sweet potato (709 μg 79%)
butter (684 μg 76%)
kale (681 μg 76%)
spinach (469 μg 52%)
pumpkin (400 μg 41%)
collard greens (333 μg 37%)
Cheddar cheese (265 μg 29%)
cantaloupe melon (169 μg 19%)
egg (140 μg 16%)

Front 453

phototherapy:

Back 453

cover baby's eyes (genitals?), turn baby frequently, will poop green stools, urinate green pee

Front 454

priapsim:

Back 454

a potentially painful medical condition, in which the erect penis or clitoris[1] does not return to its flaccid state, despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation, within four hours

Front 455

vitamin C:

Back 455

water soluble, protect cells, increase immune system, antioxidant, prevent bleeding from capillaries: found in:
guava, red pepper, oranges, mangos, strawberry, kale,brocoli

Front 456

Vitamin D:

Back 456

(D-deficeincy= rickets)
fat soluble, low d levels can contribute to cancer, and increased depression, provides repro support and PIH, dark skin harder to absorb, can overdose, found in: sun, Fatty fish species, such as:
Catfish, 85 g (3 oz) provides 425 IU (5 IU/g)
Salmon, cooked, 100 g (3.5 oz) provides 360 IU (3.6 IU/g)
Mackerel, cooked, 100 g (3.5 oz), 345 IU (3.45 IU/g)
Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 50 g (1.75 oz), 250 IU (5 IU/g)
Tuna, canned in oil, 100 g (3.5 oz), 235 IU (2.35 IU/g)
Eel, cooked, 100 g (3.5 oz), 200 IU (2.00 IU/g)

A whole egg provides 20 IU if egg weighs 60 g (0.333 IU/g)
Beef liver, cooked, 100 g (3.5 oz), provides 15 IU (0.15 IU/g)
Fish liver oils, such as cod liver oil, 1 Tbs. (15 ml) provides 1360 IU (90.6 IU/ml)
UV-irradiated mushrooms and yeast are the only known vegan significant sources of vitamin D from food sources.[109][110] Exposure of portabella mushrooms to UV provides an increase of vitamin D content in an 100-g portion (grilled) from about 14 IU (0.14 IU/g non-exposed) to about 500 IU (5 IU/g exposed to UV light, milk fortified, cereals fortified

Front 457

Fat soluble vitamins:

Back 457

A, D, E, K

Front 458

Water soluble vitamins:

Back 458

B, C

Front 459

Vitamin E:

Back 459

fat soluble, protects cells, assists in wound healing (cell membranes), found in: vegetable oils, nut and nut oils, avocados
can overdose

Front 460

Zinc

Back 460

trace element, Most zinc is in the brain, muscle, bones, kidney, and liver, with the highest concentrations in the prostate and parts of the eye. Semen is particularly rich in zinc, which is a key factor in prostate gland function and reproductive organ growth., increase immune system, nerves, *watch in vegetarians* found in: Oysters, lobster and red meats, especially beef, lamb and liver have some of the highest concentrations of zinc in food, also found in wheat germ, various seeds, sesame, poppy, alfalfa, celery, mustard, beans, nuts, almonds, whole grains, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds and blackcurrant.

Front 461

Vitamin K

Back 461

fat soluble, blood clotting, bone health, *don't supplement with clotting disorders hx DVT* found in: kale, spinach, collards, chard, mustard greens, brocoli, brussel sprouts, parsley, alfalfa, nettles

Front 462

platypelloid pelvis:

Back 462

transverse oval, sacrum flat, sidewalls sl. covergent (\ /), iscial spines wide prominent, pubic arch >90 wide; *tight at inlet, baby doesn't usually engage, 3%rare

Front 463

Gynecoid pelvis:

Back 463

round, sacrum- not flat, like a dish, sidewalls straight, ischial spines blunt, pubic arch 2fb w/ space or 90degrees, common

Front 464

Android pelvis:

Back 464

heart shaped "heart breakers", sacrum flat, sidewalls covergent (\ /), ischial spines pointy and close, pubic arch <90 very narrow *male pelvis, baby gets down and you can see head but it cannot come out*

Front 465

Anthropoid pelvis:

Back 465

anterior posterior oval, sacrum flat, side walls covergent (\ /), ischial spines prominent, pubic arch <90 degrees slightly narrow
*posterior babies, common in women of color*

Front 466

non breastfeeding women typically resume menstruating in about

Back 466

8-12 weeks

Front 467

the pp physical assessment most indicative of a pp infection

Back 467

foul smelling lochia

Front 468

Mom has a negative rubella titer: 1:10, mom is vaccinated in the pp period. Is breastfeeding okay? How long should she wait to get pregnant following the vaccination?

Back 468

yes to bf
3 months following vaccine

Front 469

breastmilk from a mother 2 weeks pp looks like:

Back 469

bluish white and thin

Front 470

ambulation after birth may cause

Back 470

hypotensive episodes, faint, decreased blood pressure

Front 471

If the NARM exam says:
always
all
never
the answer is/is not correct

Back 471

is NOT

Front 472

B-1:

Back 472

Thiamin; whole grains; pr0cesses protein/carbs

Front 473

B-2:

Back 473

riboflavin, milk grains, metabolism, new RBC

Front 474

B-3

Back 474

Niacin, meat fish, chicken, grains, metabolism, good cholesterol

Front 475

b-5:

Back 475

Pantothetic acid: chicken beef, tomatoes, oats, organs, fortafied soy produces, fort. grains, nervous system, morning sickness, and carpal tunnel

Front 476

B-6:

Back 476

pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), organs, fort. soy products and grains, nervous system, morning sickness, carpul tunel

Front 477

B-7:

Back 477

Biotin, liver meats, fruits, amino acids/fat synthesizers

Front 478

B-12:

Back 478

Cobalanin, meat fish, poultry, fort. cereal, produces RBC (anemia!)

Front 479

esophageal atresia

Back 479

causes the esophagus to end in a blind-ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the stomach; presence of EA is suspected in an infant with excessive salivation (drooling) and in a newborn with drooling that is frequently accompanied by choking, coughing and sneezing. When fed, these infants swallow normally but begin to cough and struggle as the fluid returns through the nose and mouth.

Front 480

Bilirubin above the level of ______ is a concern. ______ is dangerous.

Back 480

12
20

Front 481

cramp in leg during labor a result of:
to relieve it:

Back 481

pressure on the lumbosacral nerve plexus
extend leg, dorsiflex foot

Front 482

colostrum contains _______ than mature breast milk.

Back 482

less fat and more protein

Front 483

for cardiac pts. do not breastfeed if on:

Back 483

warfarin therapy like coumadin

Front 484

breastmilk is produced in the:

Back 484

alveoli

Front 485

which hormones stimulates the let-down reflex:

Back 485

oxytocin

Front 486

possible amount of blood with placenta seperation:

Back 486

1 cup 244cc

Front 487

with high bp, get in this position:

Back 487

left lateral

Front 488

supine:
trundelenberg:
lithotomy:
prone:
semi-fowlers:

Back 488

supine:flat on back
trundelenberg: on back with legs and butt raised
lithotomy: on back with stirrups
prone: face down, straign
semi-fowlers: leaning back, semi bent

Front 489

tocolytic agent is:

Back 489

anything used to stop labor

Front 490

ritodrine for premature labor adverse effects:

Back 490

maternal palpitations, fetal hypoglycemia, fetal hypoxia

Front 491

contraindications for using tocolytic agent to manage preterm labor:

Back 491

active vaginal bleeding, fetal distress, cervical dilation of 4-5 cm

Front 492

baseline FHR for a normally developing fetus is typically:

Back 492

120-160 bpm with variability

Front 493

decel that begins 30 seconds after UC begins and returns to baseline after contraction ends:

Back 493

late decelerations: placental insuffieniency

Front 494

early decelerations:
variable decelerations:

Back 494

mirrors UC, head compression
random: cord compression

Front 495

diaphoretic:

Back 495

sweating

Front 496

to determine if there was a SROM:

Back 496

ferm test
nitrazine paper
kegels, lying, then rising with ctx
*if leak during UT then asynclitic?*

Front 497

SROM for several hours:

Back 497

take temp every 2-4 hours, vitamin c, increase fluids,

Front 498

place fetascope or doppler over:

Back 498

the shoulder of the fetus

Front 499

-3 station is at the level of:

Back 499

the pelvic inlet

Front 500

-3 station, LOA, RHR most audible in which quadrant of the abdomen

Back 500

LLQ

Front 501

head compression causes:

Back 501

fetal vagal nerve stimulation (decreased fhr)

Front 502

what is the most helpful in assessing the adequacy of the Mother's placental perfusion:

Back 502

the duration of the rest phases between contractions

Front 503

tingling and numbness in her hands and feet as she is breathing and 8 cms:
these s/s indicate:

Back 503

hyperventilating, exhale into cupped hands, then re-inhale
respiratory alkalosis: ncreased respiration (hyperventilation) elevates the blood pH (a condition generally called alkalosis) (carbon dioxide makes more acidic)

Front 504

Mother's nervous, UC start to slow down, MW should:

Back 504

suggest to mom that she may need more privacy

Front 505

episiotomy is performed for:

Back 505

reducing the time the baby is in distress after reaching the perinuem, or shoulder dystocia for more room

Front 506

HELLP syndrome s/s

Back 506

Hemolysis
Ellevated liver enzymes
Low platlete counts
preeclampsia but worse

Front 507

DIC s/s

Back 507

bleeding out of unlikely orifices

Front 508

Old mec looks like:
fresh mec looks like:
peanut butter looking mec:

Back 508

brown/yellow
term mec: black, green/pea soup
dead baby.....

Front 509

magnesium:

Back 509

good for heart, muscles, nerve and bones: dark greens, nuts, soy beans, quinoa, halibut

Front 510

recemmended pharma treatment for yeast infection during pregnancy?

Back 510

7-day topical azole therapy, no PO,

Front 511

recommended pharma treatment for bv infection during pregnancy?

Back 511

metronidazole PO, no clindamycin vaginal cream

Front 512

recommended pharma treatment for trich infection during pregnancy?

Back 512

metronidazole PO

Front 513

recommended pharma treatment for chlamydia infection during pregnancy?

Back 513

enrythromycin PO, if not tollerated amoxicillin NO doxyclcline or erythromycin estolate, retest 3 weeks after

Front 514

recommended pharma treatment for gonorrhea infection during pregnancy?

Back 514

cephalosporin PO, or spectinomycin. ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin contraindicated

Front 515

recommended pharma treatment for PID infection during pregnancy?

Back 515

hospitalize for parenternal antibiotics, contraindicated ofloxacin, levofloxacin, doxyclcline

Front 516

recommended pharma treatment for HSV infection during pregnancy?

Back 516

aciyclovir, famciclovir for suppressive crosses placenta

Front 517

recommended pharma treatment for HPV infection during pregnancy?

Back 517

cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen, or trichloroacetic acid. podofilox, imiquimod, and podphyllin contraindicated

Front 518

recommended pharma treatment for syphilis infection during pregnancy?

Back 518

benzathine penicillin IM + second IM dose one week later. doxyclcline and tetracylcine contraindicated. penicillin allergic hospitilized and desensitized

Front 519

hormonal contraceptive suppress the production of:

Back 519

FSH and LH

Front 520

Suzie misses one day of COC pills. Instruct her to:

Back 520

she probably wont' become prego, but use a backup method for the next 7 days. take the forgotten pill as soon as you remember, then the next one at the regular time

Front 521

Suzie missed two days of COC pills. Instruct her to:

Back 521

take 2 pills the day you remember, and 2 pills the next day. use back up method for the next 7 days. don't be surprised if you have midcycle spotting

Front 522

Suzie missed three days of COC pills. Instruct her to:

Back 522

She is at risk for pregnancy and will likely start bleeding. Use back up for next 7 days. throw away remainder of pill package, start a new package. if you have a sunday start pill type, continue taking an active pill every day in your old package until sunday, then start a new one

Front 523

Suze missed two pills during the third week of her pill-taking cycle. Instruct her to:

Back 523

She is at risk for pregnancy and will likely start bleeding. Use back up for next 7 days. throw away remainder of pill package, start a new package. if you have a sunday start pill type, continue taking an active pill every day in your old package until sunday, then start a new one

Front 524

primary follicles:

Back 524

At the start of the menstrual cycle, some 12-20 primary follicles begin to develop under the influence of elevated FSH to form secondary follicles. primary follicles developed from primordial follicles in early fetal life

Front 525

primordial follicles

Back 525

developed in the ovary at around 10–30 weeks after conception.
primary follicles form from primordial follicles

Front 526

secondary follicle

Back 526

also called the dominant follicle By around day 9 of the cycle, only one healthy secondary follicle remains, with the rest having undergone cellular atresia. The remaining follicle is responsible for producing large amounts of oestradiol during the late follicular phase.

Front 527

tertiary follicle

Back 527

also called a mature follicle On day 14 of the cycle, an LH surge occurs, which itself is triggered by the positive feedback of oestradiol. This causes the secondary follicle to develop into a tertiary follicle, which then ovulates some 24–36 hours later. An important event in the development of the tertiary follicle occurs when the primary oocyte completes the first meiotic division, resulting in the formation of a polar body and a secondary oocyte. The empty follicle then forms a corpus luteum which later releases progesterone hormone

Front 528

Oogenesis

Back 528

Oogonium --(Oocytogenesis)--> Primary Oocyte --(Meiosis I)-->First Polar Body (Discarded afterward) + Secondary oocyte --(Meiosis II)--> Secondary Polar Body (Discarded afterward) + Ovum

the creation of an ovum (egg cell). It is the female form of gametogenesis. The male equivalent is spermatogenesis. It involves the development of the various stages of the immature ovum.Folliculogenesis is a separate sub-process that accompanies and supports all three oogenetic sub-processes.Synchronously with ootidogenesis, the ovarian follicle surrounding the ootid has developed from a primordial follicle to a preovulatory one.

Front 529

the cervical cap reduces the risk of STIs but does/does not protect against HIV.

Back 529

does not

Front 530

primary instructions/characteristics of cervical cap:

Back 530

insert 30-3 hours before intercourse
insert spermicide in cap, not on rim
no additional spermicide with more sex
check position after each sex
leave cap in for 6-8 hours after se
leave cap in for up to 48 hours

Front 531

cervical cap associations/complaints/failure rate

Back 531

cap odor, fewer UTI, no cap with menstruation, failure rate in nulliparous: 9-20%; mulliparous 20-40%

Front 532

developing and the graafian (antral) follicle are found in the:

Back 532

cortex of the ovaries

Front 533

describe the femcap

Back 533

nonallergenic silicone rubber cervical cap. wide brim that creates a groove between the dome and the brim. brim seals against the vaginal walls and directs semen into grove. fewer UTIs that diaphragm, greater difficulty of inserting and removing

Front 534

describe Lea's shield:

Back 534

one size made of silicone rubber, no need to fit, compares well with other barrier methods

Front 535

the rim of the diaphragm fits:

Back 535

behind the cervix into the posterior vaginal fornix; anteriorly, against the soft tissues posterior to the pubic bone

Front 536

a woman should be rechecked for fit with the diaphragm after:

Back 536

a few weeks after her first sexual experiences; after each pregnancy (regardless of gestational age or abortion); as part of her anual health care exam; if she has lost or gained more than 10lbs (though one study found that this was unnecessary)

Front 537

describe the characteristics for diaphragm use:

Back 537

insert prior to arousal, leave in at least 6-8 hours after sex, up to 24 hours, no bowel movement with in, if more than 2 hours between sex or with each sex, more spermicide, can be used while menstruating

Front 538

by the _____ week LMP the fetal intestines are back inside the abdomen.

Back 538

12th (called omphalocele when they are out) move out at the 9th week LMP)

Front 539

flat spring diaphragm:

Back 539

normal size vagina, strong vaginal support, shallow pubic arch

Front 540

coil spring diaphragm:

Back 540

strong vaginal support, average or deep arch pubic, normal or unusul vaginal size

Front 541

arching spring:

Back 541

unsual vaginal size, poor vaginal support, women who have at least one vaginal delivery

Front 542

vaginal foam tablets:

Back 542

irratation, burning sensation and foaming practice, 6-26% failure rate

Front 543

vaginal contraceptive film:

Back 543

cover cervical os at least 15 minutes prior, remains effective 1 hour 6-26%

Front 544

contraceptive sponge

Back 544

polyurethane foam that contains 1000mg spermicide for continuous release into vagina. wet with tap water. may be inserted for 24 hours prior to intercourse, left in place at least 6, no more than 30, never reused 6-26% (newer versions boast 99% perfect use)

Front 545

contraceptive suppositories:

Back 545

insert at least 15 minute before sex, messy, least effective

Front 546

in which portion of the fallopian tube does the site of sterilization occur?

Back 546

ampulla

Front 547

in which portion of the fallopian tube does sterilization occur?

Back 547

isthmus

Front 548

the largest portion of the uterus is the:

Back 548

myometrium

Front 549

the vas diferens is a :

Back 549

condiuit for spermatozoa

Front 550

the male hormone testosterone, which maintains spermatogenesis, is shythesized and released by:

Back 550

Leydig's cells

Front 551

progesterone is the " " hormone

Back 551

calming

Front 552

lie=

Back 552

longitudinal, oblique, transverse

Front 553

position versus presentation:

Back 553

position: ROA, RSA, etc presentation: cephalic, breech, ect

Front 554

the physiologic effects of estrogen do include:

Back 554

development of secondary sex characteristics, mymetrial thickening, maturation of the ovarian follicles

Front 555

the physiologic effects of progesterone include:

Back 555

increased basal metabolism, placental growth, development of acini cells in the breasts

Front 556

Oogonium

Back 556

(plural oogonia) may refer to either a primordial oocyte in a female fetus some of them become primary oocytes, which begin meiosis which is halted in prophase I. diploid

Front 557

primary Oocyte

Back 557

When they have entered Prophase I of meiosis they become primary oocytes;Primary oocytes are present from week 10 until menopause at ~53 years in human females. diploid

Front 558

secondary Oocyte

Back 558

Immediately after meiosis I, the haploid secondary oocyte initiates meiosis II. However, this process is also halted at the metaphase II stage until fertilization, if such should ever occur. When meiosis II has completed, an ootid and another polar body have now been created.

Front 559

ovum

Back 559

An ovum (plural ova, from the Latin word ovum meaning egg or egg cell) is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete.

Front 560

edometriosis

Back 560

a gynecological medical condition in which cells from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) appear and flourish outside the uterine cavity, most commonly on the ovaries.Complications of endometriosis include:

Internal scarring
Adhesions[14]
Pelvic cysts
Chocolate cyst of ovaries
Ruptured cyst
Bowel obstruction

Front 561

which is the most important factor affecting amniocentesis:

Back 561

needle insertion site

Front 562

which criteria are used for confirming a diagnosis of endometriosis:

Back 562

laparoscopy and biopsy

Front 563

tobacco smokers have _______ estrogens and a ________ luteal phase

Back 563

Smoking causes decreased estrogens with increased breakthrough bleeding and shortened luteal phases.

Front 564

effect of smoking on menopause and follicles:

Back 564

Smokers have an earlier than normal (by about 1.5–3 years) menopause which suggests that there is some toxic effect of smoking on the follicles directly. Chemically, nicotine has been shown to concentrate in cervical mucous and metabolites have been found in follicular fluid and been associated with delayed follicular growth and maturation. Finally, there is some effect on tubal motility because smoking is associated with an increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy as well as an increased spontaneous abortion rate.

Front 565

amnio performed:

Back 565

14-16 weeks

Front 566

CVS performed:

Back 566

10-12 weeks

Front 567

edema in some COC women's hands and feet is probably caused by sodium retention resulting from:

Back 567

an increased estrogen level

Front 568

calcium foods

Back 568

milk, cheese, yogurt, corn, tortillas, calcium-set tofu, kale, broccoli

Front 569

Iron foods

Back 569

fortified dairy products and cereals, fish liver, oils, egg yolks

Front 570

Vitamin A foods

Back 570

liver, dairy products, egg yolks, fish, carrots, carrots, green leafy vegetables, pumpkins, sweat potatoes

Front 571

Vita D foods:

Back 571

Fortified diary products, fish liver, oils, egg yolks

Front 572

Vit. E foods

Back 572

vegetable oils, unprocessed cereals grains, nuts, fruits, vegetables, meats, wheat germ

Front 573

Vitamin K foods:

Back 573

green leafy vegetables, brussel spouts, cabbage, spinach

Front 574

Vit C foods:

Back 574

citrus fruits, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, brussel sproats, spinach

Front 575

B6 foods

Back 575

fortified cereals, whole grain breads, organ meats, meat poultry legumes

Front 576

B12 foods:

Back 576

fortified cereals, meat, fish, shellfish, poultry, dairy products

Front 577

Folic acid foods:

Back 577

enriche cereals, green leafy vegentables, enriched whole grain bread

Front 578

Zinc foods

Back 578

fortified cereals, red meats, certain seafoods

Front 579

uterine souffle=

Back 579

maternal heart

Front 580

funic souffle=

Back 580

cord tones

Front 581

AFP increases/decreases in fetal demise?

Back 581

increases

Front 582

magnesium sulfate primary:

Back 582

decreases neuromuscular irritability

Front 583

respiratory alkaosis

Back 583

increased respiration (hyperventilation) elevates the blood pH (a condition generally called alkalosis)

Front 584

Potter's Syndrome

Back 584

(also known as Potter's syndrome, Potter's sequence or Oligohydramnios sequence) is the atypical physical appearance of a fetus or neonate due to oligohydramnios experienced in the womb.clubbed feet, pulmonary hypoplasia and cranial anomalies related to the oligohydramnios.

Front 585

Colostrum vs. mature breast milk

Back 585

colostrum has higher levels of protein and lower levels of fat and carbs than mature

Front 586

Lack of Moro reflex may indicate:

Back 586

brachial plexus injuries, fractured clavical, disorders of the motor system

Front 587

cephalhematoma:

Back 587

a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of a newborn baby secondary to rupture of blood vessels crossing the periosteum. Because the swelling is subperiosteal its boundaries are limited by the individual bones, in contrast to a chignon.

Front 588

caput succedaneum

Back 588

Caput succedaneum presents as a scalp swelling that extends across the midline and over suture lines and is associated with head moulding. Caput succedaneum does not usually cause complications and usually resolves over the first few days.

Front 589

organism typically responsible for mastitis

Back 589

S. aureus

Front 590

mastitis symptoms:

Back 590

Breast tenderness or warmth to the touch
General malaise or feeling ill
Swelling of the breast
Pain or a burning sensation continuously or while breast-feeding
Skin redness, often in a wedge-shaped pattern
Fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or greater [4]
The affected breast can then start to appear lumpy and red.

Some women may also experience flu-like symptoms such as:

Aches
Shivering and chills
Feeling anxious or stressed
Fatigue [5]

Front 591

Ortolani's sign:

Back 591

physical examination for developmental dysplasia of the hipA positive sign is a distinctive 'clunk' which can be heard and felt as the femoral head relocates anteriorly into the acetabulum:

Front 592

Kernicterus:

Back 592

chronic bilirubin encephalopathy is damage to the brain centers of infants caused by increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin.

Front 593

Hydrops fetalis

Back 593

condition in the fetus characterized by an accumulation of fluid, or edema, in at least two fetal compartments.

Front 594

likely cause of hyrdrops fetalis

Back 594

Hydrops fetalis usually stems from fetal anemia, when the heart needs to pump a much greater volume of blood to deliver the same amount of oxygen. This anemia can have either an immune or non-immune cause. Non-immune hydrops can also be unrelated to anemia, for example if a tumor or congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation increases the demand for blood flow. The increased demand for cardiac output leads to heart failure, and corresponding edema.

Front 595

Athetosis

Back 595

symptom characterized by involuntary convoluted, writhing movements of the fingers, arms, legs, and neck.This symptom does not occur alone and is often accompanied by the symptoms of cerebral palsy, as it is often a result of this disease.

Front 596

Esophageal atresia

Back 596

It causes the esophagus to end in a blind-ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the stomach

Front 597

VACTERL syndrome

Back 597

Vertebral column, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheal, Esophageal, Renal, and Limbs. It is associated with polyhydramnios in the third trimester.

Front 598

symptoms of esophageal atresia

Back 598

drool excessively. Although the infant may swallow normally, a rattling sound may be heard in the chest along with coughing and choking , especially when the infant tries to nurse. Some infants, depending on the severity of the defect, may appear blue (cyanosis), a sign of insufficient oxygen in the circulatory system. The infant' s abdomen may be swollen and firm (distended) because the abnormal trachea allows air to build up in the stomach, filling the abdominal space that holds the surrounding organs.

Front 599

Homans' sign

Back 599

sign of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A positive sign is present when there is pain in the calf or popliteal region with examiner's abrupt dorsiflexion of the patient's foot at the ankle while the knee is flexed to 90 degrees

Front 600

Avoid ______ consumption when taking Iron supplements

Back 600

calcium

Front 601

Take _________ with Iron supplementation.

Back 601

vitamin c

Front 602

Folic acid foods

Back 602

enriched cereals, green leafy vegetables, enriched whole grain bread, fortified foods, liver, meat, orange juice, asparagus, navy beans, brewer's yeast

Front 603

calcium foods

Back 603

cheese, sardines, yogurt, collard greens, milk, blackstrap molasses, spincach, tofu (with calcium)

Front 604

Bishop's Score

Back 604

Dilation (Dilate)
Effacement (Every)
Station (Single)
Cervix (Cervix)
Postion (Please)

Front 605

BPP

Back 605

HR (Hot)
Breathing (Babies)
AVF (Act)
Movement (Move)
Extention & Flexion (Ex & Flex)

Front 606

chlamydia s/s closely resemble what other STI:

Back 606

gonorrhea

Front 607

normal weight gain in a newborn

Back 607

one ounce per day/ 4-6 ounces per week

Front 608

SIMS position

Back 608

lie on their left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent.

Front 609

a presumptive sign of pregnancy:

Back 609

Signs that the mother experiences (nausea, vomiting, amenorhea, frequent urination, breast tenderness)

Front 610

a probable sign of pregnancy:

Back 610

any sign that the practitioner can identify (goodalls, hegars, chadwicks, pikaskis, enlarged abdomen)

Front 611

a positive sign of pregnancy

Back 611

any sign that can be directly related to the fetus (doppler FHT, ultrasound, or movement of the fetus felt by midwife)

Front 612

the vegan mother should be sure to get adequate intake of:

Back 612

B-12 (found in fortified soy products, fresh juice) sublingual vitamins (cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin)

Front 613

aproximate risk of down's syndrome at 35, 40 and 45 years

Back 613

35=1/250 or .4%
40= 1/75 1.3%
45= 1/20 5%

Front 614

Which women are most likely to suffer from mastitis?

Back 614

a breast feeding woman more than a week pp (as opposed to less than a week or a non bf woman)

Front 615

Normocytic anemia

Back 615

anemia caused by blood loss

Front 616

Normal MCV in pregnancy

Back 616

>90 um (fL)

Front 617

Normal MCH

Back 617

>32 pg

Front 618

Microcytic-hypochromic anemia:

Back 618

Low MCV and MCHC= Iron deficiency, thalassemias, sideroblastic

Front 619

What is thalassemia and who is at risk for it?

Back 619

reduced rate of synthesis or no synthesis of one of the globin chains that make up hemoglobin. This can cause the formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecules, thus causing anemia, the characteristic presenting symptom of the thalassemias.

Mediterranean peoples,West Asia and North Africa, South Asians

Front 620

Macrocytic-megaloblastic anemia:

Back 620

large-abnormal RBCs, B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, chemotherapy; Increased MCV

Front 621

Oral contraception can be started __________ after a first or second trimester abortion.

Back 621

immediately

Front 622

COC can be started in the ________ week for women who are not breastfeeding.

Back 622

third

Front 623

marked bradycardia=
bradycardia
tachycardia
marked tachycardia

Back 623

100
120
160
180

Front 624

At which point in pregnancy/postpartum is cardiac output the highest

Back 624

immediately pp (biggest dose of oxytocin)

Front 625

If engagement occurs in the LOP position and birth occurs in the OP postion, external rotation will bring the fetal head into which of the pelvic positions

Back 625

LOT

Front 626

absence of moro or grasping reflex during newborn exam (that was present at birth). what do you do?

Back 626

have newborn see pediatrician immediately

Front 627

The uterine fundus normally palpated in the immediate pp is:

Back 627

approximately 2/3 the way between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus

Front 628

Gastroschisis

Back 628

congenital defect characterized by a defect in the anterior abdominal wall through which the abdominal contents freely protrude.

Front 629

According to the Bishops Scoring System, what number is favorable and likely to result in a sucessful labor induction

Back 629

a score of at least 6

Front 630

Your pregnant client in rubella non-immune and has been exposed recently. What do you do?

Back 630

Obtain IgG and IgM antibodies; no vaccine during pregnancy because the vaccine is an attenuated live virus that could theoretically cause malformations. Immunize her immediately pp. breastfeeding is not an contraindication.

Front 631

If not pp, women should be asked if they are pregnant, informed of potential risk, and advised to avoid pregnancy for _______ after receiving the vaccine.

Back 631

1 month

Front 632

What are the four leopold's maneuver's:

Back 632

start at the funds and end at the pelvic brim:
1. What's in the fundus
2. Where's the back
3. What's in the pelvis (Pawlik's grip)
4. Where's the cephalic prominence
4.

Front 633

According to Freidman's curve: what is the average length of normal active labor for nulliparas and the upper limit.

Back 633

average: 4.9, upper limit 11.7

Front 634

According to Friedman's curve what is the average and upper limit length of normal active labor for multiparas

Back 634

average=2.2 upper=5.5

Front 635

According to Friedman, the average and minimum rate of dilation in nulliparas women is:

Back 635

3 cm per hour/no less than 1.2cm/hour

Front 636

According to Friedman, the minimum rate of dilation and maximum slope in multiparas women is:

Back 636

5.7 cm/hour and no less than 1.5 cm/hour

Front 637

According to Friedman, the average and minimum rate of descent in nulliparas women is:

Back 637

1.6cm/hour and no less than 1.0 cm/hour

Front 638

According to Friedman, the average and minimum rate of descent in multipars women is:

Back 638

5.4cm/hour and no less than 2.1 cm/hour

Front 639

In which days surrounding childbirth is it most likely that maternal varicella infection will be passed on to the newborn?

Back 639

Day 6 before birth and day 2 following birth

Front 640

What are the effects of cold stress on the newborn?

Back 640

metabolic acidosis
pulmonary vasocontriction
hypoglycemia

Front 641

Name the three fetal shunts:

Back 641

ductus arteriosus
foramen ovale
ductus venosus

Front 642

what is the ductus arteriosus?

Back 642

also called the ductus Botalli, is a blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs.

Front 643

what is the most directly responsible for closure of the ductus arteriosus?

Back 643

increased oxygen levels in the blood

Front 644

What causes the foramen ovale to shut?

Back 644

pressure from increased blood flow in the left side of the fetal heart (pressure from right atrium decreased in comparison to the left)

Front 645

what is the largest diameter of the fetal scull?

Back 645

occipitomental

Front 646

What is the most frequent reason for seizures in the neonatal period?

Back 646

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Front 647

how long after birth does complete regeneration of the endometrium at the placental site take?

Back 647

4 weeks

Front 648

what does the placenta of a woman with severe chronic hypertension typically look like?

Back 648

extensive infarction of entire cotyledons

Front 649

Describe the platypoid pelvis:

Back 649

transverse oval, short hollow flat sacrum,posteriorly inclined slightly convergent side walls, ischial spines may be prominent, not encroaching, pubic arch greater than 90

Front 650

Describe the anthropoid pelvis:

Back 650

anterior-posterior pelvis, flat anteriorly inclined sacrum, convergent side walls, prominent but not encroaching ischial spines, pubic arch just slightly less than 90

Front 651

Describe the gynecoid pelvis

Back 651

Round, dished sacrum, straight sidewalls, blunt ischial spines, pubic arch of 90

Front 652

Describe the android:

Back 652

heart shape, flat, slightly anteriorly inclined, convergent sidewalls, sharp prominent encroaching ischial spines, pubic arch <90

Front 653

another name for uterine fibroid:

Back 653

myoma, plural myomata

Front 654

ecchymosis

Back 654

bruise

Front 655

According to Friedman, what is the average length of 2nd stage for multiparas?

Back 655

15 minutes (whatever)

Front 656

COC should be stopped 3-6 months prior to conception in order to:

Back 656

replenish the body's stores of copper, zinc and other microminerals

Front 657

How high can a mother's temperature rise to when her milk comes in and still be considered normal?

Back 657

101

Front 658

At what age is fhr reactivity typically reached

Back 658

28-32 weeks

Front 659

The blood flow through the placenta is:

Back 659

500-800ml/minute

Front 660

What is the first sign of a newborn cord infection?

Back 660

newborn stopped feeding

Front 661

What are the lactiferous ducts?

Back 661

tree branched system connecting the lobules of the mammary gland to the tip of the nipple. They are also referred to as galactophores, galactophorous ducts, mammary ducts, mamillary ducts and milk ducts. They are structures which carry milk toward the nipple in a lactating female.

Front 662

ectopic pregnancy has slow ________ HcG because of:

Back 662

rising, the implantation site

Front 663

Describe the fetal circulatory system:

Back 663

Right atrium
foramen ovale
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
systemic circulation
umbillical arteries
placenta
umbillical vein
ductus venosus
inferior venal cava
right atrium